ABSTRACT
Carbon is the most important element for all living organisms on earth, as most of the organic elements are made out of it. The unique and fascinating carbon materials are formed by the carbon atoms bond with each other in various ways, exhibiting linear, planar, and tetrahedral bonding arrangements. Carbon material is an ancient yet vigorous material; in roughly 5000 BC, our ancestors began to utilize charcoal for heating and cooking food (energy materials) and subsequently, they used charcoal to smelt copper and iron (chemical materials). Today, carbon materials have been developed to form a brand of the inorganic nonmetallic material that occupies an important place in materials science. Carbon materials are widely used in various industries from aerospace to chemical to nuclear. They are ubiquitous in our daily lives, where they are used in metallurgy, machinery, automotive, medical, environmental, and construction applications.
