ABSTRACT
A complete understanding of the pathologic underpinnings of SLE remains to be dened. e production of pathogenic autoantibodies represents the hallmark of SLE and indicates that a major component of the pathology is loss of immune tolerance.26 e acceptance of self-antigens is known as tolerance. Normally, B cells
Epidemiology 499 Pathogenesis 499 Pathology 501 Clinical manifestations 504 Evaluation and diagnosis 505 Treatment strategies 506
Patient outcome 509 Complications 511 References 512 Review questions 517 Answer key 517
● Renal involvement in lupus is both more common and more severe in children than in adults.
