ABSTRACT
Drug Delivery Function ............................................................. 320 12.3 Modern Orthopedic Implants and Their Further
Development .............................................................................. 323 12.4 Modern Genitourinary Implants ................................................ 329 12.5 Nanoimplants With Encapsulated Drugs for Ophthalmology ... 334 12.6 Prospects of Neurological Implants ........................................... 338 12.7 Miniature Electromechanical Implants for Programmed
Delivery of Biologically Active Substances .............................. 339 12.8 Conclusion ................................................................................. 343 Acknowledgment .................................................................................. 343 Keywords .............................................................................................. 343 References ............................................................................................. 344
12.1 INTRODUCTION
Challenges and development perspectives on nanopatterned implants loaded with drugs intended to replace or improve human organs and tissues are analyzed. An innovative approach to polymer and composite design combines the surface modification on the molecular and nanosized levels, formation of the implant matrix as hybrid nanocomposite, and drug encapsulation aimed at ensuring their targeted and programmed delivery. The economic and scientometric situations in the world development of composite and hybrid implant systems are briefly described. The major fields in nanoimplantology for the nearest decade are represented, including cardiology, ophthalmology, genitourology and orthopedy. The prospects for biodegradable polymers, such as poly(α-hydroxy acids) (PLA PGA, PLGA) and poly(�-hydroxyalkanoates) (PHB, PHVB), are considered, as well as nanoscale biochips and sensors (NEMS), miniature electromechanical systems (MEMS), and neurological conduits.
