ABSTRACT
All nations have been confronted with the energy crisis due to depletion of nite fossil fuel reserves. Their continued consumption is at an alarming stage due to depletion of resources and emissions of greenhouse gases (GHGs) in the environment (Demirbas 2010). A constantly rising worldwide requirement of fossil fuels to satisfy demand of motor and power generation fuels causes increasing anthropogenic GHG emissions and depletion of fossil reserves. Therefore, it is highly important to think about various environmentally friendly alternate sources of energy to meet global demand. Finding sufcient supplies of clean energy for the future is one of the world’s most frightening challenges and is intimately linked with global stability, economic prosperity, and quality of life. Fuel represents around 70% of the total global energy requirements, particularly in transportation, manufacturing, and domestic heating. Electricity accounts for only 30% of global energy consumption. In recent years, a lot of thrust has been put into the search for potential biomass feedstock from different sources, which can be converted to liquid as well as gas fuels for energy generations. Various biomasses from different alternate sources including forestry, agricultural, and aquatic sources have been identied for the production of different biofuels, including biodiesel, bioethanol, biohydrogen, bio-oil, and biogas.
