ABSTRACT
This chapter considers most vitamins that used for fortification as antioxidative defense system components and vitamins with gene regulation functions. Nutraceutical vitamins are micronutrients from food by-products that play an essential role in nutrition, food science, and technology. The vitamins most commonly used for fortification are vitamins E, A, D, and folic acid. The chapter shows the possible factors on most fortified vitamins for human nutrition and demonstrates the coordination strategies in fortification. The biochemistry, functionality, and dietary reference intakes (DRI) of most vitamins used for fortification as antioxidative defense system components and as factors involved in genetic regulation components were focused on. Vitamin E is a dietary lipid that is essential for vertebrate health and fertility. Beta-carotene occurs widely in plant products and has a high vitamin A activity. As antioxidants, lutein and zeaxanthin can also inhibit the formation of damaging free radicals by quenching singlet oxygen.
