ABSTRACT

Opioids such as morphine, codeine, and oxycodone are extracts or analogs isolated from a single source: the opium poppy. For a long time, it was believed to be nature's only source of opioids. But it now appears that biological diversity has evolved an alternative source of opioid compounds-those derived from the plant Mitragyna speciosa. This plan

chapter 2|14 pages

Short Overview of Mitragynines

chapter 6|18 pages

Phytochemistry of Mitragyna speciosa

chapter 8|16 pages

Chemistry of Mitragyna Alkaloids

chapter 9|18 pages

Medicinal Chemistry Based on Mitragynine

chapter 10|18 pages

Chemical Structures of Opioids

chapter 11|14 pages

The Detection of Mitragynine and Its Analogs

chapter 12|10 pages

The ADME of Mitragynine and Analogs

chapter 13|18 pages

Analgesic Effects of Mitragynine and Analogs

chapter 14|10 pages

Non-Analgesic CNS Effects

chapter 15|8 pages

Other Opioid-Associated Endpoints

chapter 16|32 pages

The Kratom Experience from Firsthand Reports

chapter 17|12 pages

The Toxicology of Indole Alkaloids

chapter 18|24 pages

Opioid-Induced Adverse Effects and Toxicity

chapter 19|16 pages

Toxicology of Mitragynine and Analogs