ABSTRACT
Disorders of the nasal cavities must be differentiated from nasal planum (planum nasale) disorders. Indeed, some disorders of the nasal cavities induce changes on the nasal planum (e.g. hyperkeratosis, erosions, and ulcerations, together with local oozing or bleeding) that can be confused with nasal discharge. However, diseases of the nasal cavities are often accompanied by sneezing and discharge coming from inside the nasal cavity. These include skin or mucocutaneous junction disorders (e.g. tumors, immune-mediated diseases, or leishmaniasis), which can be associated with coagulopathy in addition to being associated with epistaxis unrelated to coagulopathy. In these cases, a full clinical examination must be performed before considering other diagnostic procedures such as rhinoscopy, nasal/ sinus radiographs, or CT under anesthesia.
