ABSTRACT
It is possible to deliver water of almost any quality to meet public health standards. Industrial water use includes water for purposes such as
• Drinking • Processing • Cleaning • Cooling
Water recycling is normally an integral part of the process and treated and reclaimed water is recycled to conserve water and avoid stringent discharge requirements. e processes that produce the required water quality are as follows:
• Sedimentation • Filtration • Coagulation
• Aeration • Micronano ltration
If water of the highest quality standard is needed, for example, for consumption, then mostly water is treated by specialized companies using the processes from sedimentation to nanoltration. e use of groundwater, surface water, or stormwater is considered to be cost-eective for industrial water use as cooling and washing with processes such as sedimentation and ltration. Surface water quality is highly dependent on place and time (quality can depend on seasons and even day and night rhythm). Groundwater quality is relatively stable; the quality is less dependent on place and time. Stormwater quality can depend on place. Stormwater quality data for various locations of the world is shown in Table 4.1.
