ABSTRACT
A transformer is a direct application of the principles of induction. A transformer consists of a primary inductor and one or more secondary inductors. In most literature, the inductors in a transformer are referred to as windings; hence, a transformer has one primary winding and one or more secondary windings. The primary winding is used as the input to the transformer and creates the electromagnetic field that powers the secondary windings. The purpose of a transformer is to transform the current and voltage across the primary winding into a magnitude usable by downstream devices. The relationship between a primary winding and a secondary winding is defined as either step-up or step-down, in reference to the voltage across the windings. A step-down relationship indicates that the voltage induced across the secondary winding will be less than that of the primary coil; however, the current through the secondary will be greater than through the primary. A step-up relationship indicates that the voltage across the secondary winding will be greater than across the primary winding; however, the current through the secondary will be less than through the primary. Transformers are used as the primary distribution mechanism for power in a conventional power distribution system.
