ABSTRACT
Like biological cells, articial cells contain biologically active materials. However, the content of articial cells can be more varied than biological cells (Figure 41.1). The membranes of articial cells also can be extensively varied using synthetic or biological materials. Permeability can be controlled over a wide range, and this allows the enclosed material to be retained and separated from
41.1 Methods of Preparation ........................................................................................................908 41.1.1Principles of Methods of Preparations .....................................................................908 41.1.2Membranes Used for Encapsulation .........................................................................909 41.1.3Variations in Contents ..............................................................................................909
41.2Microencapsulation of Bioactive Sorbents ...........................................................................909 41.2.1 Clinical Uses .............................................................................................................909 41.2.2Microencapsulation of Immunosorbents .................................................................. 910
41.3Microencapsulation of Cells or Microorganisms ................................................................. 910 41.3.1 Procedure .................................................................................................................. 910 41.3.2High Concentrations of Smaller Cells ...................................................................... 911 41.3.3 Microencapsulated Islets for Diabetes Mellitus ....................................................... 911 41.3.4Microencapsulated Hepatocytes for Liver Failure ................................................... 911 41.3.5Microencapsulation of Genetically Engineered Microorganisms ............................ 911 41.3.6Microencapsulation of Cholesterol-Removing Microorganisms .............................. 911
41.4Microencapsulation of Enzymes and Multienzyme Systems ............................................... 912 41.4.1 Urea Removal ........................................................................................................... 912 41.4.2Enzyme Therapy....................................................................................................... 912 41.4.3Multienzyme System ................................................................................................ 912
41.5Red Blood Cell Substitutes ................................................................................................... 912 41.6Biodegradable Articial Cells .............................................................................................. 912 41.7 General Discussion ............................................................................................................... 913
