ABSTRACT
Heat transfer nanofluids were first reported by S. U. S. Choi of the Argonne National Laboratory, United States, in 1995. It has been demonstrated that nanofluids can have significantly better heat transfer characteristics than the base fluids. In general, research on heat transfer performance, heat transfer enhancement mechanisms, and nanofluid applications is in its primary stage. The use of nanofluids is a new research frontier related to nanotechnology and has found a wide range of potential applications. According to the application, nanofluids are classified as heat transfer nanofluids, tribological nanofluids, surfactant and coating nanofluids, chemical nanofluids, process/extraction nanofluids, environmental nanofluids, bio- and pharmaceutical nanofluids and medical nanofluids. The available studies are the thermal performance of thermosyphons, heat transfer in heat pipes, spray cooling of nanofluids, and flow boiling of nanofluids in macroscale channels and microscale channel heat sinks. Several studies have tried to explore the mechanisms of deterioration or enhancement of nucleate pool boiling heat transfer with nanofluids.
