ABSTRACT
Expanding on Porter (2013), this chapter outlines the contributions that external oversight agencies can, and do, bring to police reform, with a focus on proactive activities. is chapter discusses how a problem-oriented approach can help to frame these eorts and promote the value of collaborative partnerships between oversight and police agencies to improve policing services to the community. e challenges of collaborations are discussed,
Introduction/Background ................................................................................. 230 Compliance versus Collaboration ............................................................... 230 Problem-Oriented Policing Framework ..................................................... 231 SARA Model................................................................................................... 232
Problem-Oriented Approach to Police Reform: Agency Contributions to the SARA Process .......................................................................................... 232
Scan ................................................................................................................. 233 Analyze ............................................................................................................ 235 Respond .......................................................................................................... 237 Assess............................................................................................................... 238
Case Study Examples of Problem-Oriented Police Reform .......................... 239 Case Study: Portland, United States ............................................................ 239 Case Study: Queensland, Australia ............................................................. 240 Case Study: U.S. Department of Justice Oce of CommunityOriented Policing Services ........................................................................... 242
Challenges of Collaborative Reform ................................................................ 243 Discussion ........................................................................................................... 245 Conclusion .......................................................................................................... 247 References ............................................................................................................ 247
but several case study examples present evidence that productive relationships have led to improvements in policing, at least at the jurisdictional level.
