ABSTRACT

Definition of manufacturing and its impact on nations In his book Manufacturing Systems Engineering, Hitomi (1996) differentiated between the terms production and manufacturing. According to him, production encompasses both making tangible products and providing intangible services while manufacturing is the transformation of raw materials into tangible products. Manufacturing is driven by a series of energy applications, each of which causes well-defined changes in the physical and chemical characteristics of the materials (Dano 1966).