Statistical Inference Following Covariate–Adaptive Randomization: Recent Advances

Suppose that K ≥ 2 treatments are being compared in a clinical trial. If complete randomization is used, the next patient is equally likely to be assigned to any of the K treatments, so that the treatment allocation probabilities

are all 1/K. So this randomization rule does not take into account the previous treatment assignments, responses and covariate vectors, and the current patient’s covariate vector.