ABSTRACT
Supercritical-CO2 uid extraction has been used in the food industry for three decades (Rizvi et al., 1986) and has accrued two decades of experience in the extraction of oils from plant materials. Initially, it is mainly used in the decaffeination of coffee and tea and the extraction of spices and hops. Those had to be in large-scale processing operations in order to make them economically feasible and cost-effective. However, with the development and advancements in processing conditions and equipment, the cost-effectiveness improved allowing the small-scale productions of ultrahigh-quality or high-margin product using supercritical-CO2 uid extraction for commercial distribution. The hottest area for supercritical extraction application is for nutraceutical development, as supercritical
CONTENTS
2.1 Introduction ..................................................................................................53 2.2 Solubility of Food Components in Supercritical Fluid ...........................55 2.3 Factors Affecting Solubility in Supercritical-CO2 Fluid ......................... 59
2.3.1 Solvent Selectivity ............................................................................ 61 2.3.2 Polar and Nonpolar Solvents .........................................................63 2.3.3 Cosolvent Modication of Supercritical-CO2 Fluid
Phase Behavior .................................................................................64 2.3.4 Pressure Effects ................................................................................ 73 2.3.5 Effect of Water Content in Material ...............................................77 2.3.6 Temperature ...................................................................................... 81
2.4 Solubility Prediction ....................................................................................84 2.5 Equation of State ..........................................................................................88 2.6 Verication of Solubility of Lycopene in the Supercritical-CO2 Fluid ...... 90 2.7 Summary ....................................................................................................... 94 References ............................................................................................................... 96
uid extraction can be operated at mild conditions and will retain high bioactivity of health-promoting components.
