ABSTRACT
Note that the Ri must be dened in terms of the specic atoms and charges present and their respective numbers. e summation in Equation 5.1 runs over all the Nr reactants, and this convention also pertains to the summations and products in the equations that follow below. If νi is positive, the reactant lies on the right side of the equation and is a product of the reaction. If νi is negative, the reactant lies on the le side of the equation. Clearly, when writing a chemical reaction, one must balance both atoms and charges. If necessary, one must also specify the isotopes and, perhaps, provide other ne chemical details. e thermodynamics of chemical reactions are standard fare in most elementary chemistry textbooks, and one has the well-known thermodynamic relations
∆r m lnG RT K° = − , (5.2)
K a i
= Π 1ν , (5.3)
∆ ∆ ∆r m m r m G H T S° = ° − ° , (5.4)
ln H RT
K
T p ° =
∂ ∂
2 ,
(5.5)
H
T r
° =
°
∂
∂ , .
