ABSTRACT
This chapter discusses the embryology of the neck. It reviews the common neck cysts and sinuses, along with their management. Branchial clefts and fistulae represent about 23" of cervical masses in children. Computed tomography (CT) scan and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are the imaging modalities of choice to assess the extent and depth of any branchial cleft cysts. Thyroglossal duct anomalies are the most common congenital anomalies of the neck, they represent remnants from the embryological migration of thyroid tissue from the foramen cecum to the thyroid fossa. Cervical dermoid cysts are benign tumors that are frequently mistaken for a thyroglossal duct cyst due to similar presentation and location. Preauricular sinuses are congenital malformations, usually noted during physical examination as small pits adjacent to the external ear, usually at the anterior margin of the ascending limb of helix. Torticollis or "sternocleidomastoid tumor" results from shortening of the sternocleidomastoid muscle, which may lead to limitation of neck movement and craniofacial deformity.
