ABSTRACT
Biosensors based on biorecognition events occurring in monolayer or thin-lm assemblies on electronic transducers represent an important recent advance in bioelectronics. DNA biosensors constitute an important class of point-of-care diagnostic devices because they are capable of converting the Watson-Crick base pair recognition event signal into an interpretable analytical signal in a shorter time compared with other methods, thereby producing accurate and sensitive results. The emergence of nanotechnology is opening new horizons for the application of nanomaterials in bioelectroanalytical chemistry. The
12.1 Introduction ..................................................................................................290 12.2 DNA Damage ............................................................................................... 291 12.3 Current Methods of DNA Damage Detection ..............................................292 12.4 Electrochemical Detection of DNA Damage ............................................... 293
12.4.1 DNA-Modied Electrodes ................................................................294 12.4.2 Detection of DNA Cleavage Using DNA-Based Biosensors ............ 295 12.4.3 Detection of Damage to DNA Bases Using DNA-Based Biosensors ...296 12.4.4 Detection of DNA Association Interactions Using DNA-Based
Biosensors ......................................................................................... 298 12.5 Nanomaterial-Based Amplied Electrochemical Detection of DNA
Damage .........................................................................................................299 12.5.1 Dendrimers .......................................................................................299 12.5.2 Polymeric Nanoparticles ................................................................... 301 12.5.3 Metal and Metal Oxide Nanoparticles .............................................303 12.5.4 Carbon Nanotubes ............................................................................306
