ABSTRACT

Polydisperse Protein Aerosols ................................................... 310 16.2.3 DMA for Separation and Isolation of Singly Charged

Monodisperse Protein Aerosols ................................................ 312 16.2.4 UCPC for Online Counting of Protein Aerosol Numbers ..... 314 16.2.5 NAS for Accumulative Collection and

Characterization of Protein Aerosols ....................................... 315 16.3 Advantages and Limitations of GEMMA for Protein

Characterization and Measurement ....................................................... 315 16.4 Characterization and Quantitative Measurement of Proteins by

GEMMA with Integrated Techniques .................................................... 317 16.4.1 Characterization of Proteins from Fresh and Imitation

Milk by GEMMA and Integrated Methods ............................. 317

The recent rapid development of protein biomarkers and protein drugs give rise to an analytical challenge for the characterization and measurement of proteins, in particular at trace levels in complex body uids with the presence of other proteins such as human serum plasma. Tedious sample pretreatment is often employed to clean up samples and enrich analyte proteins prior to protein determination. It is often not possible to determine newly discovered protein biomarkers such as those present at ultralow level in body uid.