ABSTRACT
The demand for high-efficiency performance and compact design of devices in modern mechanical, chemical, and biomedical engineering puts a premium on effective microsystem cooling. Still, limited heat transfer rates can be one of the major obstacles for microsystems, which may generate significant heat fluxes. One way to overcome this difficulty is to use novel coolants with better thermal performance than convectional fluids such as oil, water, or ethylene glycol. For example, adding solid nanoparticles (NPs) to the liquids at low volume fractions creates a new type of fluidparticle mixture that may substantially enhances heat transfer rates. Thus, the resulting nanofluid, that is, a dilute NP suspension in liquids, is deemed promising as a solution to the cooling problem of microsystems.
