ABSTRACT
This model can well estimate the effective properties for a dilute suspension of solid-liquid composite with the micro-and millimeter-sized particles.
In Equation 3.1, when the thermal conductivity ratio of particle to base fluid (kp/kbf) is high and the volume fraction is very low, the Maxwell model only depends on the volume concentration of nanoparticles. Bruggeman18 developed a symmetrical EMT-based model to take into account the interactions between particles.
