ABSTRACT
Various methods for trace element speciation in seawater samples are summarized in this chapter, ranging from free ions to metalloprotein analysis. These methods include separation and preconcentration techniques, such as SPE or HPLC, to avoid the problems due to the low concentration of the analytes and the interferences caused by the salinity of the samples. The combined use of both separation (HPLC, FFF, SDS-PAGE, or OFFGEL electrophoresis) and detection techniques (electrochemical methods, AAS, ICPMS, or ESI-MS) provides a wide number of applications to quantify and identify the different species in the marine environment.
