ABSTRACT
Chemiluminescence (CL) is defined as the emission of electromagnetic radiation (usually in the visible or near-infrared region) produced by a chemical reaction.
Table 1 Classification of Luminescence Phenomena
Produced from irradiation A. Photoluminescence: An excited state is produced by the absorption of ultraviolet,
visible, or near-infrared radiation Fluorescence: Short-lived emission from a singlet electronically excited state Phosphorescence: Long-lived emission from a triplet electronically excited state
B. Cathodoluminescence: Emission produced from irradiation of (3-particles C. Anodoluminescence: Emission produced from irradiation of a-particles D. Radioluminescence: Emission produced from irradiation of y-particles or X-rays Produced from heating A. Candoluminescence: Emission from incandescent solids B. Thermoluminescence: Emission from solids and crystals on mild heating C. Pyroluminescence: Emission from metal atoms in flames Produced from structural rearrangements in solids A. Triboluminescence: Emission from shaking, rubbing, or crushing crystals B. Crystalloluminescence: Emission from crystallization C. Lyoluminescence: Emission from dissolving crystals P roduced fro m electrical phenom ena A. Electroluminescence: Emission from electrical discharges B. Galvanoluminescence: Emission during electrolysis C. Sonoluminescence: Emission from exposure to ultrasonic sound waves in solution D. Piezoluminescence: Emission from frictional charges separation at the crystal surface Produced from chemical reactions A. Bioluminescence: Emission from living organisms or biological systems B. Chemiluminescence: Emission from a chemical reaction
Electrochemiluminescence: Emission occurring in solution, from an electronically excited state produced by high-energy electron transfer reactions
Electrogenerated chemiluminescence: Emission produced at an electrode surface Oxyluminescence: Emission from polymers caused by oxidative processes
(presence of oxygen is required)
When this emission originates from living organisms or from chemical systems derived from them, it is named bioluminescence (BL). Both phenomena are lumi nescence processes that have been traditionally distinguished from related emis sions by a prefix that identifies the energy source responsible for the initiation of emission of electromagnetic radiation. Based on Wiedemann’s classification, which was discussed in Chapter 1, contemporary luminescence processes have been added to the list of luminescence phenomena, as can be seen in Table 1.
