ABSTRACT
The theory of sound or electromagnetic wave propagation in a medium with random inhomogeneities in the adiabatic sound speed or light velocity c is well developed [49, 79, 121, 238, 254, 255]. However, in a turbulent atmosphere, this theory is not applicable directly, because the statistical moments of a sound wave are practically always affected not only by inhomogeneities in c but also by random inhomogeneities in the density Q and the wind velocity v [255]. In the ocean, sound field fluctuations are caused mainly by sound speed fluctuations [79]; nevertheless, the statistical moments of the sound field p can be affected by relatively weak random inhomogeneities in the density Q [49] and the current velocity v. The effects of current velocity fluctuations on the statistical moments of p can be revealed by certain experiments [18, 34,69, 80, 275J. In liquid marine sediments, the density fluctuations significanty affect sound waves reflected by the sea bed [276]. A sound wave propagating in a turbulent flow of gas or liquid is affected by fluctuations in c and v.
