ABSTRACT
High temperature applications range from pressure vessels and ovens to heat-treating furnaces and jet engines to space vehicles with both extremely low and extremely high temperature requirements. Moderately high and elevated temperature fastener materials are included in ASTM specifications A193, A194, A437, and A453 [26-29). These include special steels and stainless steels. The presence of elevated to high elevated temperatures in aircraft jet engines mandates the use of materials designed for that purpose. Materials such as A-286 and Inconel 718 were introduced as corrosion-resistant materials in Section 7 but are also used in jet engines because of their good elevated temperature resistance. Other high nickel and cobalt base alloys that are used in jet engines up to 1800°F include Waspaloy, Rene 41, and Astroloy. Waspaloy can be cold worked and aged to 260,000 psi, but its ductility is so low that it has been rejected for stress corrosion applications.
