ABSTRACT
Membranology has developed progressively during the last two decades, and has been applied in various processes, such as reverse osmosis of desalination and water purification, electrodialysis in a chlorine-caustic cell, ultrafiltration, pervaporation, gas separation, hemodialysis, controlled release of drugs, genet ic engineering, and so on. This development has stimulated polymer synthesists and polymer physical chemists to design membranes for an advanced level of performance. The fundamental understanding and technological im provement of membranes are major objectives in recent membrane science.
