ABSTRACT
Insect pests are considered a major limiting factor to crop production worldwide. Estimates for yield and quality losses are variable, but may be very high in some regions. More than 100 insect species have been identified as pests on bread and durum wheat. The vast majority of these insects also affect other crop species and live on a variety of alternate hosts. A limited number of insect pests are systemically important to wheat worldwide, including the greenbug, the Hessian fly, the Russian wheat aphid, the wheat stem sawfly, and the wheat curl mite. However, since wheat is continuously grown in vast areas, the spread and increase in importance of new insect pests will always remain a threat.
