ABSTRACT
Lean’s advantage is derived from value stream future‐state mapping that creates an end‐state system that reflects effective process improvement, adding customer value, and improving results. The repetitive cycle of standardize, level load, stabilize, and create flow supports the improvement cycle. The disadvantage is often lack of understanding by top management, who may lack background in process improvement.Lean is also limited to operational processes and not others like network design, planning processes for materials, and capacity determination.
