ABSTRACT
Despite technological development and automation efforts, human muscle is still the main source of power for considerable number of industrial jobs and in many daily life activities. Due to this fact, the strength data of the population are essential and fundamental to the design of safe and productive workplaces and equipment and tools in occupational settings as well as the safe and usable design of products
5.1 Introduction 81 5.2 Muscular Strength 83
5.2.1 Types of Strength 84 5.2.1.1 Static (or Isometric) Strength 84 5.2.1.2 Dynamic Strength 85 5.2.1.3 Psychophysical Strength 86
5.2.2 Design for Strength 86 5.2.3 Hand Torque Strength 87
5.2.3.1 Types of Hand Torque 88 5.2.3.2 Biomechanical Models of Hand Torque
Strength 89 5.2.3.3 Factors Affecting Hand Torque Strength 89
5.3 Hand Torque Strength Studies 90 5.3.1 Hand Strength Data 110 5.3.2 Summary and Critics of Findings 110
5.4 Conclusions 116 References 117
(Norris and Wilson, 1997; Mital and Kumar, 1998; Ekşioğlu, 2004, 2011; Ekşioğlu and Kızılaslan, 2008). The strength evaluations are also necessary for predicting the capability of workers while performing a job requiring strength without incurring injurious strains (Chaffin, 1975; Mital and Kumar, 1998; Ekşioğlu, 2004). Specifically, hand torque strength is an important parameter to be considered for the design and evaluation of a broad range of manual tasks that involve the tightening and loosening of fasteners, threaded parts or connectors, turning knobs, and wheels. In addition, torque strength is also important in some daily life activities such as opening jars, bottles, medicine caps, and turning keys.
