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![239,240pu H/S = 0.024. The annual mean discharges in 1980-81 from Sellafield (BNFL 1979-1986)[ 3] were: 31 TBq 99 Tc, 0.76 TBq 60 Co, and 17.5 TBq 239,240 Pu. We would thus predict the annual mean discharges from La Hague in 1983-84 to 9 TBq 99 Tc, 2.5 TBq 60Co, and 0.4 TBq 239,240 Pu. We have no complete data from 1983-84 from La Hague, but for 1983 Patti et al. (1984)[11] re-ported 11.7 TBq 99 Tc and for 1982 Calmet & Guegeniat (1985)[4] reported annual discharges of 3.1 TBq "Co and 0.12 TBq 239,240 Pu. If we assume that the discharges from La Hague in the later years were relatively constant, we may conclude that the above estimates from Fucus measurements seem reason-able. CONCLUSION The radionuclide concentrations in seaweed along the continen-tal side of the English Channel are inversely proportional to the distance (in km) or square root of the distance from La Hague. Similar distance relations have been observed earlier in British coastal water for liquid discharges from Sellafield These relations may be applied for estimates of the annual discharges from the reprocessing plants in Western Europe. REFERENCES 1. Aarkrog A., Dahlgaard H., Hallstadius L., Hansen H. and Holm E. (1983). Nature 304, 49-51. 2. Aarkrog A. et al. (1983-1985). Risen Reports, Nos. 488, 509, 510, 527 and 528. Rises National Laboratory, Roskilde, Denmark. 3. BNFL (1979-1986). Annual report on radioactive discharges and monitoring of the environment 1978-1985. British Nuclear Fuels Limited, Warrington, Cheshire, U.K. 4. Calmet D. & Guegueniat P. (1985), in: IAEA-TECDOC-329 pp. 111-144 International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna. 5. Casso S.A. & Livingson H.D. (1984). WHO-84-40. Woods Hole Oceanographic Inst. 6. Harley J.H. (editor) (1972). HASL-300. Environmental measurements Laboratory, New York. 7. Holm E., Rioseco J., & Garcia-Leon M. (1984). Nucl. Instr. and Meth. in Phys. Res. 223, 204-207. 8. Jefferies D.F., Steele A.K. and Preston A. (1982). Deep-Sea Res. 29, 713-738. 9. Kautsky H. (1973). Deutschen Hydrographischen Zeitshrift, 26, 242-246. Livingston](https://images.tandf.co.uk/common/jackets/crclarge/978042908/9780429080838.jpg "239,240pu H/S = 0.024. The annual mean discharges in 1980-81 from Sellafield (BNFL 1979-1986)[ 3] were: 31 TBq 99 Tc, 0.76 TBq 60 Co, and 17.5 TBq 239,240 Pu. We would thus predict the annual mean discharges from La Hague in 1983-84 to 9 TBq 99 Tc, 2.5 TBq 60Co, and 0.4 TBq 239,240 Pu. We have no complete data from 1983-84 from La Hague, but for 1983 Patti et al. (1984)[11] re-ported 11.7 TBq 99 Tc and for 1982 Calmet & Guegeniat (1985)[4] reported annual discharges of 3.1 TBq \"Co and 0.12 TBq 239,240 Pu. If we assume that the discharges from La Hague in the later years were relatively constant, we may conclude that the above estimates from Fucus measurements seem reason-able. CONCLUSION The radionuclide concentrations in seaweed along the continen-tal side of the English Channel are inversely proportional to the distance (in km) or square root of the distance from La Hague. Similar distance relations have been observed earlier in British coastal water for liquid discharges from Sellafield These relations may be applied for estimates of the annual discharges from the reprocessing plants in Western Europe. REFERENCES 1. Aarkrog A., Dahlgaard H., Hallstadius L., Hansen H. and Holm E. (1983). Nature 304, 49-51. 2. Aarkrog A. et al. (1983-1985). Risen Reports, Nos. 488, 509, 510, 527 and 528. Rises National Laboratory, Roskilde, Denmark. 3. BNFL (1979-1986). Annual report on radioactive discharges and monitoring of the environment 1978-1985. British Nuclear Fuels Limited, Warrington, Cheshire, U.K. 4. Calmet D. & Guegueniat P. (1985), in: IAEA-TECDOC-329 pp. 111-144 International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna. 5. Casso S.A. & Livingson H.D. (1984). WHO-84-40. Woods Hole Oceanographic Inst. 6. Harley J.H. (editor) (1972). HASL-300. Environmental measurements Laboratory, New York. 7. Holm E., Rioseco J., & Garcia-Leon M. (1984). Nucl. Instr. and Meth. in Phys. Res. 223, 204-207. 8. Jefferies D.F., Steele A.K. and Preston A. (1982). Deep-Sea Res. 29, 713-738. 9. Kautsky H. (1973). Deutschen Hydrographischen Zeitshrift, 26, 242-246. Livingston")
Chapter
239,240pu H/S = 0.024. The annual mean discharges in 1980-81 from Sellafield (BNFL 1979-1986)[ 3] were: 31 TBq 99 Tc, 0.76 TBq 60 Co, and 17.5 TBq 239,240 Pu. We would thus predict the annual mean discharges from La Hague in 1983-84 to 9 TBq 99 Tc, 2.5 TBq 60Co, and 0.4 TBq 239,240 Pu. We have no complete data from 1983-84 from La Hague, but for 1983 Patti et al. (1984)[11] re-ported 11.7 TBq 99 Tc and for 1982 Calmet & Guegeniat (1985)[4] reported annual discharges of 3.1 TBq "Co and 0.12 TBq 239,240 Pu. If we assume that the discharges from La Hague in the later years were relatively constant, we may conclude that the above estimates from Fucus measurements seem reason-able. CONCLUSION The radionuclide concentrations in seaweed along the continen-tal side of the English Channel are inversely proportional to the distance (in km) or square root of the distance from La Hague. Similar distance relations have been observed earlier in British coastal water for liquid discharges from Sellafield These relations may be applied for estimates of the annual discharges from the reprocessing plants in Western Europe. REFERENCES 1. Aarkrog A., Dahlgaard H., Hallstadius L., Hansen H. and Holm E. (1983). Nature 304, 49-51. 2. Aarkrog A. et al. (1983-1985). Risen Reports, Nos. 488, 509, 510, 527 and 528. Rises National Laboratory, Roskilde, Denmark. 3. BNFL (1979-1986). Annual report on radioactive discharges and monitoring of the environment 1978-1985. British Nuclear Fuels Limited, Warrington, Cheshire, U.K. 4. Calmet D. & Guegueniat P. (1985), in: IAEA-TECDOC-329 pp. 111-144 International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna. 5. Casso S.A. & Livingson H.D. (1984). WHO-84-40. Woods Hole Oceanographic Inst. 6. Harley J.H. (editor) (1972). HASL-300. Environmental measurements Laboratory, New York. 7. Holm E., Rioseco J., & Garcia-Leon M. (1984). Nucl. Instr. and Meth. in Phys. Res. 223, 204-207. 8. Jefferies D.F., Steele A.K. and Preston A. (1982). Deep-Sea Res. 29, 713-738. 9. Kautsky H. (1973). Deutschen Hydrographischen Zeitshrift, 26, 242-246. Livingston
DOI link for 239,240pu H/S = 0.024. The annual mean discharges in 1980-81 from Sellafield (BNFL 1979-1986)[ 3] were: 31 TBq 99 Tc, 0.76 TBq 60 Co, and 17.5 TBq 239,240 Pu. We would thus predict the annual mean discharges from La Hague in 1983-84 to 9 TBq 99 Tc, 2.5 TBq 60Co, and 0.4 TBq 239,240 Pu. We have no complete data from 1983-84 from La Hague, but for 1983 Patti et al. (1984)[11] re-ported 11.7 TBq 99 Tc and for 1982 Calmet & Guegeniat (1985)[4] reported annual discharges of 3.1 TBq "Co and 0.12 TBq 239,240 Pu. If we assume that the discharges from La Hague in the later years were relatively constant, we may conclude that the above estimates from Fucus measurements seem reason-able. CONCLUSION The radionuclide concentrations in seaweed along the continen-tal side of the English Channel are inversely proportional to the distance (in km) or square root of the distance from La Hague. Similar distance relations have been observed earlier in British coastal water for liquid discharges from Sellafield These relations may be applied for estimates of the annual discharges from the reprocessing plants in Western Europe. REFERENCES 1. Aarkrog A., Dahlgaard H., Hallstadius L., Hansen H. and Holm E. (1983). Nature 304, 49-51. 2. Aarkrog A. et al. (1983-1985). Risen Reports, Nos. 488, 509, 510, 527 and 528. Rises National Laboratory, Roskilde, Denmark. 3. BNFL (1979-1986). Annual report on radioactive discharges and monitoring of the environment 1978-1985. British Nuclear Fuels Limited, Warrington, Cheshire, U.K. 4. Calmet D. & Guegueniat P. (1985), in: IAEA-TECDOC-329 pp. 111-144 International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna. 5. Casso S.A. & Livingson H.D. (1984). WHO-84-40. Woods Hole Oceanographic Inst. 6. Harley J.H. (editor) (1972). HASL-300. Environmental measurements Laboratory, New York. 7. Holm E., Rioseco J., & Garcia-Leon M. (1984). Nucl. Instr. and Meth. in Phys. Res. 223, 204-207. 8. Jefferies D.F., Steele A.K. and Preston A. (1982). Deep-Sea Res. 29, 713-738. 9. Kautsky H. (1973). Deutschen Hydrographischen Zeitshrift, 26, 242-246. Livingston
239,240pu H/S = 0.024. The annual mean discharges in 1980-81 from Sellafield (BNFL 1979-1986)[ 3] were: 31 TBq 99 Tc, 0.76 TBq 60 Co, and 17.5 TBq 239,240 Pu. We would thus predict the annual mean discharges from La Hague in 1983-84 to 9 TBq 99 Tc, 2.5 TBq 60Co, and 0.4 TBq 239,240 Pu. We have no complete data from 1983-84 from La Hague, but for 1983 Patti et al. (1984)[11] re-ported 11.7 TBq 99 Tc and for 1982 Calmet & Guegeniat (1985)[4] reported annual discharges of 3.1 TBq "Co and 0.12 TBq 239,240 Pu. If we assume that the discharges from La Hague in the later years were relatively constant, we may conclude that the above estimates from Fucus measurements seem reason-able. CONCLUSION The radionuclide concentrations in seaweed along the continen-tal side of the English Channel are inversely proportional to the distance (in km) or square root of the distance from La Hague. Similar distance relations have been observed earlier in British coastal water for liquid discharges from Sellafield These relations may be applied for estimates of the annual discharges from the reprocessing plants in Western Europe. REFERENCES 1. Aarkrog A., Dahlgaard H., Hallstadius L., Hansen H. and Holm E. (1983). Nature 304, 49-51. 2. Aarkrog A. et al. (1983-1985). Risen Reports, Nos. 488, 509, 510, 527 and 528. Rises National Laboratory, Roskilde, Denmark. 3. BNFL (1979-1986). Annual report on radioactive discharges and monitoring of the environment 1978-1985. British Nuclear Fuels Limited, Warrington, Cheshire, U.K. 4. Calmet D. & Guegueniat P. (1985), in: IAEA-TECDOC-329 pp. 111-144 International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna. 5. Casso S.A. & Livingson H.D. (1984). WHO-84-40. Woods Hole Oceanographic Inst. 6. Harley J.H. (editor) (1972). HASL-300. Environmental measurements Laboratory, New York. 7. Holm E., Rioseco J., & Garcia-Leon M. (1984). Nucl. Instr. and Meth. in Phys. Res. 223, 204-207. 8. Jefferies D.F., Steele A.K. and Preston A. (1982). Deep-Sea Res. 29, 713-738. 9. Kautsky H. (1973). Deutschen Hydrographischen Zeitshrift, 26, 242-246. Livingston
ABSTRACT
The discharge of liquid radioactive waste from the British Nuclear
Fuels reprocessing plant at Sellafield on the Cumbrian coast has given
rise over the past two decades to an increased level of artificial
radioisotopes in the Irish Sea.
