This occurs because the optimal solution naturally to lower diameters and, as consequence, : leads higher flow velocities. Table 1. Solutions for two flow velocity bounds. Pipe Relaxed Discrete 1.04 1.10 1.04 1.00 0.54 0.60 0.49 0.50

Chapter

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ABSTRACT

V••x s 4 d Dle•et.er - . A - X - V••x s 8 d Preeeure - . B X 3 Co • t. • - 10 •

ORIGINAL 2 28.0 47.68 .... 4 0.80 3 32.0 42.50 .... 4 4 18.0 57.19 .... 5 0.60 5 35.0 40.00*

1 13.0 59.89 .... 2 1.00 .... 3 0.80

ORIGI.AL COST • 6,176,065. * CRITICAL JIOD E 110 D IF IE D COST . 6,060,03& •