critical node artificial water distribution network desiqn problem that the this test the is to

in the modified layout does not occur terminal point, as expected. This to the influence of the elevation that can yield a hiqh enerqy level in the least pressure (the critical node). In fact, althouqh is the critical node, the water flow direction from node to 4. includes a •critical concept" that reduces the computational effort avoidinq the explicit determination of the supply heads. technique allows determine the exact optimal solution for the