ABSTRACT
Thus, the design of effective warnings requires knowledge of existing standards, guidelines, and research in the domain of risk communication. It also requires detailed knowledge about the hazards associated with the foreseeable modes of product usage and the environments in which such usage occurs (Frantz, Rhoades, & Lehto, 1999). Typically, in the initial phases of the design process, hazard analyses are conducted. Several kinds of hazard analyses (Laughery & Hammond, 1999) may be employed, including: (a) procedures analyzing various circumstances that will or might arise and the severity and probabilities of their occurrence (e.g., fault tree and failure mode analysis), and (b) accident data reports from various sources. These methods provide important opportunities to identify and understand the hazards. With respect to physical ergonomics, there is a considerable body of research and evaluation (hazard analyses) that have identified musculoskeletal hazards in various tasks and environments.
