ABSTRACT

The nucleus, mitochondria, and chloroplast are the sites of genetic information in plant cells. They contain their own genomes and can be autonomously replicated or independent in inheritance. Nuclear genetic information is inherited from both parents. Mitochondrial and chloroplast information is usually inherited maternally; some exceptions are Oenothera, alfalfa, and conifers (Neale and Oerofe, 1989). Molecular markers are powerful tools for assessing genetic differentiation of the three plant genomes. Knowledge about the genetic differentiation of nuclear, mitochondrial, and chloroplast genomes enables us to clarify the biosystematic relationship among different species.