Lake Restoration and Biomanipulation in Temperate Lakes: Relevance for Subtropical and Tropical Lakes

During the past centuries, increased urbanization and sewage disposal, regulation of wetlands and streams and more intensive farming practices have increased the nutrient loading to many shallow lakes worldwide, not least in the industrialized part of the world. This has resulted in major changes in the biological structure and dynamics of the lakes and often in a noticeable shift from a clear to a turbid state.