ABSTRACT
Acknowledgments ......................................................................................... 148 References ........................................................................................................ 148
that insect herbivory is one of the main drivers for both plant and insect diversication (Ehrlich and Raven 1964). Plants are sessile organisms incapable of eeing the potential dangers posed by herbivores and pathogenic fungi threatening their existence and have evolved a range of different defense mechanisms. These include both indirect and direct defenses (Furstenberg-Hagg et al. 2013). The indirect defense mechanisms involve the attraction of predatory organisms by volatiles and nourishing predators in food bodies and housing in specially adapted plant parts (Heil et al. 1997; Odowd 1980). Examples of attraction by volatiles include the attraction of predatory mites to aliphatic and aromatic oximes released by the cucumber (Cucumis sativus), golden chain (Laburnum anagyroides), Robinia pseudoacacia, and eggplant (Solanum melongena) as a response to invading spider mites (Agrawal et al. 2002; Takabayashi et al. 1994; Van Den Boom et al. 2004). In maize (Zea mays), lima beans (Phaseolus lunatus), and black poplar (Populus nigra) tissue damage caused by feeding caterpillars also elicits the release of volatile oximes as attractants of parasitic insects (Irmisch et al. 2013; Takabayashi et al. 1995; Wei et al. 2006).
