ABSTRACT

This chapter discusses the three genera most often seen in laboratory settings—Aotus, Callithrix, and Saimiri. It provides a background through which the behavior of these nonhuman primates (NHPs) can be better appreciated. Each species has a unique set of environmental and social needs that must be met in order for the animals to thrive in the laboratory. The chapter begins with general statements about the ways in which these animals behave and interact in, and with, their natural environment. It also provides specific information on selected topics, including social group formation and housing, enrichment foods and devices, and positive reinforcement training (PRT). There are a number of factors related to Neotropical NHP sociality and natural living conditions that should play a role in determining functionally appropriate captive environments and related management procedures. The chapter concludes with enough information to promote informed decisions concerning the behavioral management of these animals.