ABSTRACT
Several researchers throughout the last years have extensively studied routing process in WSN and DWSNs. During their work, they proposed several protocols that can be employed in routing the information between network entities. Some of these protocols are now introduced. Routing protocols in WSNs are classified into two main groups, which are; flat-based and hierarchal-based routing protocols. In flat-based type, all nodes inside the network perform similar tasks. Each node is considered as potential BS. All nodes are assigned unique identifier in order to be used as node identity representative. The most common examples
1 INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background
Recently, a rapid growing has been achieved in “Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs)” and it is considered one of the hottest research areas due to its wide range of applications in several practical life fields, including, habitat monitoring, military surveillance, environmental observation, etc. WSN area consists of several sensing nodes prepared with sensing, processing ability, data gathering, limited energy capability and storage space. Sensor nodes are provided with a platform by the WSN for moni toring and sensing the concerned environmental area (Ali and Parmanand, 2015 and Srinath et al, 2007). Due to its importance, WSN is an emerging technology, which will achieve influential impact on humanity lives future. WSN is extensively studied by several researchers in order to overcome its constraints and complexity, including; communication bandwidth, network density, power source, data aggregation, memory, processor and mobility (Al-Fares et al, 2009).
