ABSTRACT
Bioherbicides: an overview Erin N. Rosskopf, USDA-ARS, United States Horticultural Laboratory, USA; Raghavan Charudattan, BioProdex, Inc., USA; and William Bruckart, USDA-ARS, Foreign DiseaseWeed Science Research Unit, USA
1 Introduction
2 Natural products for targeting weed populations
3 Microbial bioherbicides and classical biological control: an overview
4 Examples of classical biological control
5 Limitations and the effects of climate change
6 Bioherbicides: inundative applications
7 Integrating bioherbicides into weed management programmes
8 Institutional changes for biological control adoption
9 Conclusion
10 Where to look for further information
11 References
Among agricultural pests, weeds consistently threaten crop yields and land use patterns. Without proper weed management, crop and animal production and aquatic environment and forestry management will be severely affected. The relative importance of weeds as pests is evident from the large proportion of herbicides applied, relative to other pesticides. Between 2008 and 2012, herbicide sales comprised 45.4% of the world pesticide market versus 27.6% and 25.6% for insecticides and fungicides, respectively, for the same period (Atwood and Paisley-Jones 2017). In the United States, over the same time frame, herbicides accounted for 59.2% of pesticide sales, compared with 24% and 15% for insecticides and fungicides, respectively (Atwood and Paisley-Jones 2017).
