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representative from each Member State’s government: this will be the Prime Minister, or a Minister or government official, depending on the subject and level of meeting. Since the expansion of the EU in January 1995 qualified majority vote means that 62 of the available 87 votes must be in favour of the proposal. Member States have block votes according to their population size. The UK, France, Germany and Italy each have 10 votes. Thus, no one, not even the larger States, can alone prevent the adoption of a directive. The exact distribution of voting rights is subject to review with the development and expansion of the EU. It will be noted that, under the revised Treaty, improvement of health and safety is no longer given separate treatment. It is now one of five items covered by Article 137. However, directives to impose minimum standards may, as formerly, be adopted by qualified majority vote, that is, according to the procedures now set out in Article 251. This is in contrast with the matters itemised in Article 137.3 (including social security and social protection of workers) where the Council has to act unanimously for a directive to be adopted. Health and safety matters do not appear to be exempt from the new procedures which these Articles introduce for the involvement of management and labour in the formulation of directives (Article 138). Surprisingly, Article 139 apparently allows occupational health and safety standards to be determined through collective agreement at Community level. There appears to be no provision for governmental enforcement at Member State level for standards arrived at through the procedure set out in Article 139. Arguably, however, standards so arrived at could, in the UK, be enforced by reliance on the general duties in the 1974 Act. Procedure for adopting a directive under Article 251
DOI link for representative from each Member State’s government: this will be the Prime Minister, or a Minister or government official, depending on the subject and level of meeting. Since the expansion of the EU in January 1995 qualified majority vote means that 62 of the available 87 votes must be in favour of the proposal. Member States have block votes according to their population size. The UK, France, Germany and Italy each have 10 votes. Thus, no one, not even the larger States, can alone prevent the adoption of a directive. The exact distribution of voting rights is subject to review with the development and expansion of the EU. It will be noted that, under the revised Treaty, improvement of health and safety is no longer given separate treatment. It is now one of five items covered by Article 137. However, directives to impose minimum standards may, as formerly, be adopted by qualified majority vote, that is, according to the procedures now set out in Article 251. This is in contrast with the matters itemised in Article 137.3 (including social security and social protection of workers) where the Council has to act unanimously for a directive to be adopted. Health and safety matters do not appear to be exempt from the new procedures which these Articles introduce for the involvement of management and labour in the formulation of directives (Article 138). Surprisingly, Article 139 apparently allows occupational health and safety standards to be determined through collective agreement at Community level. There appears to be no provision for governmental enforcement at Member State level for standards arrived at through the procedure set out in Article 139. Arguably, however, standards so arrived at could, in the UK, be enforced by reliance on the general duties in the 1974 Act. Procedure for adopting a directive under Article 251
representative from each Member State’s government: this will be the Prime Minister, or a Minister or government official, depending on the subject and level of meeting. Since the expansion of the EU in January 1995 qualified majority vote means that 62 of the available 87 votes must be in favour of the proposal. Member States have block votes according to their population size. The UK, France, Germany and Italy each have 10 votes. Thus, no one, not even the larger States, can alone prevent the adoption of a directive. The exact distribution of voting rights is subject to review with the development and expansion of the EU. It will be noted that, under the revised Treaty, improvement of health and safety is no longer given separate treatment. It is now one of five items covered by Article 137. However, directives to impose minimum standards may, as formerly, be adopted by qualified majority vote, that is, according to the procedures now set out in Article 251. This is in contrast with the matters itemised in Article 137.3 (including social security and social protection of workers) where the Council has to act unanimously for a directive to be adopted. Health and safety matters do not appear to be exempt from the new procedures which these Articles introduce for the involvement of management and labour in the formulation of directives (Article 138). Surprisingly, Article 139 apparently allows occupational health and safety standards to be determined through collective agreement at Community level. There appears to be no provision for governmental enforcement at Member State level for standards arrived at through the procedure set out in Article 139. Arguably, however, standards so arrived at could, in the UK, be enforced by reliance on the general duties in the 1974 Act. Procedure for adopting a directive under Article 251
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ABSTRACT