5.2 Non-retroactivity 5.3 Territorial application 5.4 Successive treaties

Article 28 of the VCT 1969 reflects the customary rule of non-retroactivity of treaties. The provisions of a treaty do not bind a party in relation to any act or fact which took place or any situation which ceased to exist before the treaty entered into force for that state, unless a different intention appears from the treaty or is otherwise established. The rule applies to the VCT 1969 itself which