ABSTRACT
In The Culture of Control, David Garland (2001: 3) writes that:
recent developments in crime control and criminal justice are so puzzling because they appear to involve a sudden and startling reversal of the settled historical pattern … The modernizing processes that, until recently, seemed so well established in this realm – above all the long-term tendencies towards ‘rationalization’ and ‘civilization’ – now look as if they have been thrown into reverse. Not even the most inventive reading of Foucault, Marx, Durkheim and Elias on punishment could have predicted these possibilities.
