ABSTRACT
Spiritual and religious values inspired the birth of many civil society organizations (CSOs) across the world. While this may be obvious for faith-based organizations (FBOs), many secular agencies, including the Red Cross, Oxfam, Amnesty International, Greenpeace, Save the Children Fund, were founded by people with strong religious beliefs (Benthall, 2008). Such spiritual values continue to play a major role today. Yet despite this history, spirituality has been largely ignored in NGO management. Management is treated as an entirely secular process, even by many FBOs.
