ABSTRACT

Available in print or as an online subscription, this third edition of the Encyclopedia of Library and Information Sciences reflects the growing convergence among the several disciplines that concern themselves with information and the cultural record. Covered are archives, museum studies, informatics, information systems, knowledge management, records management, document and genre theory, bibliography, and social studies of information, in addition to library and information science. It addresses these related disciplines in a way that demonstrates the unities across the fields while also recognizing their uniquely distinguishing characteristics.

Composed of the contributions of major researchers and practitioners and exploring the cultural institutions of more than 30 countries, this major reference presents hundreds of entries extensively reviewed for accuracy.  Containing more than 70 percent new material, this edition also includes classic articles of historical or theoretical importance from prior editions.

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chapter |10 pages

Academic Librarianship

ByBarbara B. Moran, Elisabeth Leonard

chapter |12 pages

Academic Libraries

BySusan Carol Curzon, Jennie Quiñónez-Skinner

chapter |11 pages

Access in a Digital Age

ByBetty J. Turock, Gustav W. Friedrich

chapter |4 pages

Accessibility

ByLori Bell

chapter |4 pages

Accreditation of Library and Information Science Education

ByKaren L. O’Brien

chapter

Acquisitions Institute at Timberline Lodge

ByScott Alan Smith

chapter |11 pages

African Librarianship

ByNatalia Taylor Bowdoin, Janet Lee

chapter |9 pages

African‐Americans and U.S. Libraries: History

ByCheryl Knott Malone

chapter

Altmetrics

ByRichard Cave

chapter |8 pages

American Association of Law Libraries (AALL)

ByKate Hagan

chapter |3 pages

American Association of Museums (AAM)

ByElizabeth E. Merritt

chapter |8 pages

American Association of School Librarians (AASL)

ByDonald C. Adcock

chapter |18 pages

American Library Association (ALA)

ByMary W. Ghikas

chapter |2 pages

American Medical Informatics Association (AMIA)

ByDon E. Detmer, Tia Abner, Karen Greenwood

chapter |3 pages

American National Standards Institute (ANSI)

ByJana Zabinski

chapter |6 pages

American Society for Information Science and Technology (ASIST)

ByCharles H. Davis, Debora Shaw

chapter |10 pages

Anglo-American Cataloging Rules (AACR)

ByJ. H. Bowman

chapter |6 pages

Approval Plans

ByRobert F. Nardini

chapter |5 pages

Arab Federation for Libraries and Information (AFLI)

ByNour Soufi

chapter |10 pages

Archival Appraisal and Acquisition

ByBarbara Reed

chapter |11 pages

Archival Arrangement and Description

ByJoanne Evans, Sue McKemmish, Barbara Reed

chapter |6 pages

Archival Documentation

ByGavan McCarthy, Joanne Evans

chapter |7 pages

Archival Finding Aids

BySu Kim Chung

chapter |8 pages

Archival Management and Administration

ByMichael J. Kurtz

chapter |17 pages

Archival Reference and Access

ByMary Jo Pugh

chapter |13 pages

Archival Science

ByElizabeth Shepherd

chapter |16 pages

Archives

ByAdrian Cunningham

chapter |13 pages

Archivists and Collecting

ByRichard J. Cox

chapter |12 pages

Area and Interdisciplinary Studies Literatures and Their Users

ByLynn Westbrook

chapter |7 pages

ARMA International, Inc.

ByCarol E. B. Choksy

chapter |12 pages

Armenia: Libraries, Archives and Museums

BySylva Natalie Manoogian

chapter |8 pages

Art Galleries

ByDaniel C. Danzig

chapter |10 pages

Art Librarianship

ByKathryn M. Wayne

chapter |9 pages

Art Looting and Trafficking

ByKatherine Malkovsky

chapter |10 pages

Art Museums

ByDavid Gordon

chapter |10 pages

Artificial Intelligence

ByJianhua Chen

chapter |14 pages

Artificial Neural Networks and Natural Language Processing

ByHermann Moisl

chapter |8 pages

Arts Literatures and Their Users

ByLisl Zach

chapter

Association for Information Science and Technology

ByCharles H. Davis, Debora Shaw, Diane H. Sonnenwald

chapter |7 pages

Association for Information Systems (AIS)

ByWilliam R. King, Dennis Galletta

chapter |13 pages

Association for Library and Information Science Education (ALISE)

ByShirley Fitzgibbons

chapter |5 pages

Association for Library Service to Children (ALSC)

ByVirginia A. Walter

chapter |16 pages

Association of College and Research Libraries (ACRL)

ByMary Ellen K. Davis, Mary Jane Petrowski

chapter |12 pages

Association of Research Libraries (ARL)

ByLee Anne George, Julia Blixrud

chapter |3 pages

Association of Specialized and Cooperative Library Agencies (ASCLA)

ByBarbara A. Macikas

chapter |16 pages

Australia: Libraries, Archives and Museums

ByAlex Byrne

chapter |5 pages

Australian Library and Information Association (ALIA)

BySue Hutley, Jane Hardy, Judy Brooker

chapter |7 pages

Authentication and Authorization

ByDavid Millman

chapter |10 pages

Automated Acquisitions

ByPatricia A. Smith, Margo Sasse

chapter |12 pages

Automatic Abstracting and Summarization

ByDaniel Marcu

chapter |10 pages

Automatic Discourse Generation

ByJohn A. Bateman

chapter |7 pages

Back-of-the-Book Indexing

ByNancy C. Mulvany

chapter |5 pages

Belarus: Libraries

ByLiavon Yurevich

chapter |9 pages

Bibliographic Control

ByRobert L. Maxwell

chapter |4 pages

Bibliographic Utilities

ByLisa German

chapter |7 pages

Bibliographical Society [London]

ByJulian Roberts

chapter |5 pages

Bibliographical Society of America (BSA)

ByHope Mayo

chapter |12 pages

Bibliography

ByD. W. Krummel

chapter |12 pages

Bibliometric Overview of Information Science

ByHoward D. White

chapter |38 pages

Bibliometric Research: History [ELIS Classic]

ByDorothy H. Hertzel

chapter |7 pages

Bibliothèque Nationale de France

ByNoémie Lesquins

chapter |15 pages

Binding [ELIS Classic]

ByLawrence S. Thompson

chapter |9 pages

Bioinformatics

ByCarrie L. Iwema, Ansuman Chattopadhyay

chapter |9 pages

Biological Information and Its Users

ByKalpana Shankar

chapter |11 pages

Biomedical Informatics

ByNancy K. Roderer, Catherine K. Craven, Harold P. Lehmann

chapter |7 pages

Blind and Physically Handicapped: Library Services

ByJane Caulton, Stephen Prine

chapter |10 pages

Bliss Bibliographic Classification Second Edition

ByVanda Broughton

chapter |6 pages

Boolean Algebras [ELIS Classic]

ByA. R. Bednarek

chapter |5 pages

Brazil: Part I Museums

ByRegina Dantas, Pamela Howard-Reguindin

chapter |6 pages

Brazil: Part II Library Science

ByMariza Russo

chapter |10 pages

British Library

ByAndy Stephens

chapter |6 pages

Business Informatics

ByMarkus Helfert

chapter |8 pages

Business Information and Its Users

ByEileen G. Abels

chapter |12 pages

Business Literature: History [ELIS Classic]

ByEdwin T. Coman

chapter |8 pages

Business Process Management

BySuvojit Choton Basu, Prashant P. Palvia, Leida Chen

chapter |4 pages

Cabinets of Curiosities

ByMargaret A. Lindauer

chapter |20 pages

Canada: Libraries and Archives

ByIan E. Wilson

chapter |6 pages

Canadian Heritage Information Network (CHIN)

ByShannon Ross, Paul M. Lima

chapter |4 pages

Canadian Library Association (CLA)

ByDonald I. Butcher

chapter |8 pages

Careers and Education in Archives and Records Management

ByKaren Anderson

chapter |13 pages

Careers and Education in Information Systems

ByPaul Gray, Lorne Olfman

chapter |9 pages

Careers and Education in Library and Information Science

ByJana Varlejs

chapter |6 pages

Careers and Education in Museum Work

ByMarjorie Schwarzer

chapter |7 pages

Careers and Education in Records and Information Management

ByCarol E. B. Choksy

chapter |10 pages

Cataloging

ByArlene G. Taylor, Daniel N. Joudrey

chapter |10 pages

Cataloging Cultural Objects (CCO)

ByElizabeth O’Keefe, Maria Oldal

chapter |37 pages

Catalogs and Cataloging: History [ELIS Classic]

ByEugene R. Hanson, Jay E. Daily

chapter |19 pages

CD-ROM in Libraries

ByNorman Desmarais

chapter |8 pages

CENDI

ByBonnie C. Carroll, Gail M. Hodge, Kathryn R. Holloway

chapter |9 pages

Censorship and Content Regulation of the Internet

ByPeng Hwa Ang

chapter |7 pages

Center for Research Libraries (CRL)

ByMary I. Wilke

chapter |14 pages

Chemistry Literature and Its Users

ByJudith N. Currano

chapter |10 pages

Chemoinformatics

ByPeter Willett

chapter |12 pages

Children and Information Technology

ByJune Abbas

chapter |24 pages

Children's Literature

ByJudith V. Lechner

chapter |9 pages

Children’s Services in Libraries

ByVirginia A. Walter

chapter |30 pages

China: Libraries, Archives and Museums

ByPriscilla C. Yu, TzeHuey Chiou-Peng

chapter |7 pages

Circulation Services

ByVanessa J. Morris, Jeff E. Bullard

chapter |15 pages

Citation Analysis

ByHoward D. White

chapter |11 pages

Citation Indexes and the Web of Science

ByMarie E. McVeigh

chapter |7 pages

Citer Motivations [ELIS Classic]

ByTerrence Brooks

chapter |16 pages

Classification Theory

ByClare Beghtol

chapter |9 pages

Clinical Decision-Support Systems

ByKai Zheng

chapter |10 pages

Coalition for Networked Information (CNI)

ByJoan K. Lippincott

chapter |8 pages

Collaborative Information Retrieval

ByMichael B. Twidale, David M. Nichols

chapter |9 pages

Collaborative Systems and Groupware

ByDavid Jank

chapter |9 pages

Collection Development in Public Libraries

ByCynthia Orr

chapter |18 pages

Collection Development in the ARL Library

ByDavid F. Kohl

chapter |11 pages

Collection Management in Museums

ByMarla Misunas

chapter |12 pages

Collection Management Systems

ByPerian Sully

chapter |11 pages

College Libraries

ByThomas G. Kirk

chapter |11 pages

Colon Classification (CC)

ByM. P. Satija, Jagtar Singh

chapter |13 pages

Communication and Communication Studies

ByBrenda Dervin, CarrieLynn D. Reinhard

chapter |20 pages

Communication Policy: United States

ByD. Linda Garcia

chapter |7 pages

Community Informatics

ByKate Williams, Joan C. Durrance

chapter |6 pages

Competitive Intelligence

ByStephen H. Miller

chapter |10 pages

Complexity and Self-Organization

ByFrancis Heylighen

chapter |9 pages

Computer-Mediated Communication (CMC)

ByMichael A. Chilton, Roger McHaney

chapter |16 pages

Computer-Supported Cooperative Work (CSCW)

ByKevin L. Mills

chapter |19 pages

Conservation and Preservation of Library and Archival Materials

ByMichele Valerie Cloonan

chapter |8 pages

Conservation and Preservation of Museum Objects

ByEllen Pearlstein

chapter |8 pages

Copyright and Fair Use in Higher Education

ByCorlis Cummings, E. Gail Gunnells

chapter |6 pages

Copyright and Trademark Law in the United States

ByJeanne Hamburg

chapter |4 pages

Copyright Clearance Center (CCC)

ByEdward Colleran

chapter |5 pages

Corporate Archives

ByPhilip Mooney

chapter |8 pages

Corporate Art Collections

ByLaura Matzer

chapter |10 pages

Corporate Information Centers

ByBarbara M. Spiegelman, Nancy Flury Carlson

chapter |9 pages

Corporate Records Management

ByBarbara M. Cross, Barbara E. Nye

chapter |5 pages

Council on Library and Information Resources (CLIR)

ByCharles Henry, Deanna Marcum

chapter |8 pages

Credibility and Cognitive Authority of Information

BySoo Young Rieh

chapter |11 pages

Croatia: Libraries, Archives and Museums

ByAleksandra Horvat, Josip Kolanović, Višnja Zgaga

chapter |7 pages

CrossRef Publisher Linking Network

ByAmy E. Brand

chapter |8 pages

Cultural Memory

ByRobert DeHart

chapter |9 pages

Curating Archeological Artifacts

ByAlex Barker

chapter |8 pages

Curating Natural History Collections

ByKimberly S. Bostwick

chapter |7 pages

Custody and Chain of Custody

ByBernadette G. Callery

chapter |7 pages

Cybernetics

ByChristopher Brown-Syed

chapter |10 pages

Cyberspace and the Geography of Information

ByGreg Downey

chapter |8 pages

Cyberspace Law

ByStuart Biegel

chapter |12 pages

Data and Data Quality

ByThomas C. Redman, Christopher Fox, Anany Levitin

chapter |9 pages

Data Transmission Protocols

ByChuan Heng Foh

chapter |8 pages

Decision Sciences

BySven Axsäter, Johan Marklund

chapter |9 pages

Decision Support Systems

ByMarek J. Druzdzel, Roger R. Flynn

chapter |14 pages

Denmark: Libraries, Archives and Museums

ByJens Thorhauge, Jakob Heide Petersen, Ole Magnus Mølbak Andersen

chapter |12 pages

Descriptive Cataloging Principles

ByElena Escolano Rodríguez

chapter |14 pages

Design Science in the Information Sciences

ByJudith Weedman

chapter |11 pages

Dewey Decimal Classification (DDC)

ByJoan S. Mitchell, Diane Vizine-Goetz

chapter |10 pages

Digital Archiving

ByPatricia Galloway

chapter |11 pages

Digital Asset Management

ByJames E.P. Currall, Michael S. Moss

chapter |12 pages

Digital Content Licensing

ByPaul D. Callister, Kathleen Hall

chapter |6 pages

Digital Divide

ByMark Warschauer

chapter |12 pages

Digital Humanities

ByJulia Flanders, Elli Mylonas

chapter |8 pages

Digital Images

ByMelissa Terras

chapter |9 pages

Digital Millennium Copyright Act of 1998

ByJonathan A. Franklin

chapter |7 pages

Digital Object Identifier (DOI®) System

ByNorman Paskin

chapter |9 pages

Diplomatics

ByLuciana Duranti

chapter |13 pages

Disaster Planning and Recovery for Cultural Institutions

BySheryl Davis, A. Patricia Smith-Hunt, Kristen Kern

chapter |5 pages

Distance Learning and Virtual Libraries

ByEdward D. Garten

chapter |12 pages

Document Information Systems

ByK. van der Meer

chapter |8 pages

Document Theory

ByNiels Windfeld Lund, Roswitha Skare

chapter |8 pages

Document Type Definition (DTD)

ByJudith Wusteman

chapter |7 pages

Domain Analysis in Information Science

ByBirger Hjørland

chapter |9 pages

Dublin Core Metadata Initiative (DCMI): A Personal History

ByStuart L. Weibel

chapter |14 pages

Economics Literature: History [ELIS Classic]

ByArthur H. Cole, Laurence J. Kipp

chapter |4 pages

EDUCAUSE

ByPeter B. DeBlois, Jarret S. Cummings

chapter |7 pages

Electronic Records Preservation

ByRobert P. Spindler

chapter |10 pages

Electronic Resource Management in Libraries

ByTimothy D. Jewell

chapter |9 pages

Encoded Archival Description (EAD)

ByDaniel V. Pitti

chapter |21 pages

Engineering Literatures and Their Users [ELIS Classic]

ByThomas E. Pinelli, Ann P. Bishop, Rebecca O. Barclay, John M. Kennedy

chapter |8 pages

Epistemology

ByPaul K. Moser

chapter |6 pages

Ethical and Legal Aspects of Archival Services

BySara S. Hodson

chapter |15 pages

Ethical Aspects of Library and Information Science

ByRichard Rubin, Thomas J. Froehlich

chapter |10 pages

Ethical Issues in Information Systems

ByVladimir Zwass

chapter |12 pages

Ethiopia: Libraries, Archives and Museums

ByShiferaw Assefa

chapter |10 pages

Everyday Life Information Seeking

ByReijo Savolainen

chapter |7 pages

Evidence-Based Practice

ByPrudence W. Dalrymple

chapter |11 pages

Exhibition Design

ByLee H. Skolnick, Dan Marwit, Jo Ann Secor

chapter |10 pages

Extensible Markup Language (XML)

ByKevin S. Clarke

chapter |5 pages

Facet Analysis [ELIS Classic]

ByDouglas J. Foskett

chapter |11 pages

Federal Electronic Information in the United States

ByCarol D. Doyle

chapter |19 pages

Film and Broadcast Archives

ByKaren F. Gracy, Karen E. King

chapter |5 pages

Film Archiving: History

BySteve Ricci

chapter |9 pages

Folksonomies

ByJonathan Furner

chapter |17 pages

France: Archives, Museums and Libraries

ByMartine Poulain

chapter |8 pages

Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records (FRBR)

BySara Shatford Layne

chapter

Functional Requirements for Subject Authority Data (FRSAD): A Conceptual Model

ByMarcia Lei Zeng, Maja Žumer, Athena Salaba

chapter |5 pages

Fund-Raising on the Internet for Non-Profit Organizations

ByPieter Boeder, Bettina Hohn

chapter |18 pages

Fuzzy Set Theory

ByDonald Kraft, Gloria Bordogna, Gabriella Pasi

chapter |18 pages

Genealogical Literature and Its Users

ByMavis B. Molto

chapter |9 pages

Genre Theory and Research

ByCatherine F. Schryer

chapter |12 pages

Geographic Information Systems (GIS)

ByTimothy F. Leslie, Nigel M. Waters

chapter |10 pages

Geographical Literature: History [ELIS Classic]

ByNora T. Corley

chapter

Georgia State University Copyright Lawsuit

ByKevin L. Smith

chapter |17 pages

Germany: Libraries, Archives and Museums

ByClaudia Lux

chapter |11 pages

Google Book Search Library Project

ByCorinna Baksik

chapter |12 pages

Government Documents Collection and Management

ByAimée C. Quinn, Tanya Finchum, Charles E. Malone

chapter |6 pages

Government Records Management/Recordkeeping

ByMargaret Pember, Roberta Cowan

chapter |8 pages

Greece: Part I Libraries

ByAnestis Sitas, Mersini Moreleli-Cacouris

chapter |5 pages

Greece: Part II Archives

ByNestor Bamidis

chapter |5 pages

Greece: Part III Museums

ByMaria Economou

chapter |11 pages

Grey Literature

ByJoachim Schöpfel, Dominic J. Farace

chapter

HathiTrust

ByRick Anderson

chapter |8 pages

Health Science Professional Literatures and Their Users

ByCheryl Dee, Jocelyn Rankin

chapter |7 pages

Health Sciences Librarianship

ByJudy Consales, Elaine R. Martin

chapter |8 pages

Historical and Archaeological Sites: Development and Preservation

ByRobert B. Pickering

chapter |7 pages

Historical Societies

ByMark Sgambettera

chapter |10 pages

Historical Sources and Their Users

ByMargaret Stieg Dalton

chapter |16 pages

History of Libraries

ByJohn Mark Tucker, Edward A. Goedeken

chapter |11 pages

History of Museums

ByJohn E. Simmons

chapter |12 pages

History of Paper

BySidney E. Berger

chapter |14 pages

History of Public Libraries [ELIS Classic]

ByFrank B. Sessa

chapter |9 pages

History of Records and Information Management

ByWilliam Benedon

chapter |6 pages

History of the Book

ByJonathan Rose

chapter |5 pages

History of Three Basic Printing Processes

BySidney E. Berger

chapter |5 pages

Homework Centers

ByCindy Mediavilla

chapter |25 pages

Hospital Libraries

ByRosalind K. Lett

chapter |14 pages

Human–Computer Interaction Research in Information Retrieval

ByShin-jeng Lin

chapter |8 pages

Humanities Literatures and Their Users

ByStephen E. Wiberley

chapter |18 pages

Hungary: Libraries, Archives and Museums

ByKatalin Radics

chapter |10 pages

Hypertext and Hypercard: Early Development [ELIS Classic]

BySusan K. Kinnell, Carl Franklin

chapter |13 pages

Illumination [ELIS Classic]

ByAbdul Moid

chapter |8 pages

Impact Assessment of Cultural Institutions

BySara Selwood

chapter |12 pages

Incunabula [ELIS Classic]

ByJohn P. Immroth, Romano Stephen Almagno

chapter |11 pages

Independent (Free-Choice) Learning

ByLynn D. Dierking

chapter |14 pages

Indexing: History and Theory

ByBella Hass Weinberg

chapter |39 pages

India: Libraries, Archives and Museums

ByKrishan Kumar, V. Jeyaraj, Ramesh C. Gaur

chapter |17 pages

Indigenous Librarianship

ByKathleen Burns, Ann Doyle, Gene Joseph, Allison Krebs

chapter |14 pages

Information

ByMarcia J. Bates

chapter |8 pages

Information Architecture

ByAndrew Dillon, Don Turnbull

chapter |12 pages

Information Arts

ByChristiane Paul, Jack Toolin

chapter |11 pages

Information Behavior

ByMarcia J. Bates

chapter |9 pages

Information Behavior Models

ByThomas D. Wilson

chapter |8 pages

Information Commons

ByPeggy White, Susan Beatty, Darlene Warren

chapter |7 pages

Information Crises and Crisis Information

ByPhilippe Baumard

chapter |5 pages

Information Explosion

ByRonald E. Day

chapter |8 pages

Information Literacy

BySylvie Chevillotte

chapter |16 pages

Information Literacy Instruction

ByEsther S. Grassian, Joan R. Kaplowitz

chapter |7 pages

Information Management

ByBrian Detlor

chapter |7 pages

Information Needs

ByCharles M. Naumer, Karen E. Fisher

chapter |8 pages

Information Needs and Behaviors of Diasporic Populations

ByAjit K. Pyati

chapter |8 pages

Information Obsolescence

ByDavid Nicholas, Ian Rowlands, Paul Huntington, Hamid R. Jamali

chapter |12 pages

Information Overload

ByTonyia J. Tidline

chapter |9 pages

Information Policy: European Union

ByDebbie Rabina, Scott Johnston

chapter |15 pages

Information Policy: United States

ByPeter Hernon, Harold C. Relyea

chapter |7 pages

Information Practice

ByCrystal Fulton, Jean Henefer

chapter |9 pages

Information Retrieval Experimentation [ELIS Classic]

ByJean Tague-Sutcliffe

chapter |7 pages

Information Retrieval Support Systems

ByYiyu Yao, Ning Zhong, Yi Zeng

chapter |11 pages

Information Retrieval Systems

ByRay R. Larson

chapter |6 pages

Information Scattering

BySuresh K. Bhavnani, Concepción S. Wilson

chapter |16 pages

Information Science

ByTefko Saracevic

chapter |6 pages

Information Search Process (ISP) Model

ByCarol Collier Kuhlthau

chapter |13 pages

Information Searching and Search Models

ByIris Xie

chapter |19 pages

Information Society

ByFrank Webster

chapter |11 pages

Information Storage Technologies

ByScott L. Klingler

chapter |8 pages

Information Systems

ByE. Burton Swanson

chapter |10 pages

Information Systems Failure

ByChris Sauer, Gordon B. Davis

chapter |13 pages

Information Technology Adoption

ByConrad Shayo

chapter |5 pages

Information Technology Consulting Firms

ByJefrey S. Naidoo

chapter |9 pages

Information Technology Literacy

ByJames W. Marcum, Denise I. O'Shea

chapter |9 pages

Information Technology Standards for Libraries

ByChristinger Tomer

chapter |10 pages

Information Theory

ByPaul B. Kantor

chapter |8 pages

Information Use for Decision Making

ByEdward T. Cokely, Lael J. Schooler, Gerd Gigerenzer

chapter |12 pages

Information Visualization

ByXia Lin, Yen Bui

chapter |8 pages

Informetric Laws

ByRonald Rousseau

chapter |10 pages

Informetrics

ByJudit Bar-Ilan

chapter |10 pages

Institute of Museum and Library Services (IMLS)

ByJeannine Mjoseth

chapter |10 pages

Institutional Records and Archives

ByDavid Farneth

chapter |12 pages

Institutional Repositories

ByJoseph Branin

chapter |7 pages

Instructional Technology

ByHsin-liang Chen

chapter |4 pages

Intangible Heritage

ByJohn Feather

chapter |12 pages

Integrated Library Systems (ILS)

ByEmily Gallup Fayen

chapter |6 pages

Intelligence and Security Informatics

ByHsinchun Chen, Zhenhua Lai, Yan Dang, Yulei Zhang

chapter |10 pages

Interactive Multimedia in Museums

ByNik Honeysett

chapter |9 pages

International and Comparative Librarianship

ByPeter Johan Lor

chapter |4 pages

International Association of Technological University Libraries (IATUL)

ByNancy Fjällbrant, Alice Trussell

chapter |8 pages

International Communication Association (ICA)

ByRonald E. Rice

chapter |8 pages

International Council of Museums (ICOM)

ByPatrick J. Boylan

chapter |8 pages

International Council on Archives (ICA)

ByPerrine Canavaggio, Marcel Caya

chapter |6 pages

International Council on Knowledge Management (ICKM)

ByFranz Barachini, Albert Boehm

chapter |3 pages

International Federation for Information and Documentation (FID)

ByForest W. Horton

chapter |14 pages

International Federation of Library Associations and Institutions (IFLA)

ByRoss Shimmon, Peter Johan Lor, Sofia Kapnisi, Sjoerd Koopman, Stuart Hamilton

chapter |5 pages

International Federation of Television Archives (FIAT/IFTA)

BySteve Bryant

chapter |11 pages

International Organization for Standardization (ISO)

ByAlan Bryden, Catherine Dhérent

chapter |6 pages

International Records Management Standards ISO 15489 and 23081

ByBarbara Reed

chapter |7 pages

International Records Management Trust (IRMT)

ByAnne Thurston

chapter |9 pages

International Society for Knowledge Organization (ISKO)

ByIngetraut Dahlberg

chapter |6 pages

International Standards for Archival Description

ByWendy M. Duff, Sharon Thibodeau

chapter |10 pages

Internet and Public Library Use

ByCorinne Jörgensen

chapter |11 pages

Internet Archive

ByMarilyn Rackley

chapter |6 pages

Internet Filtering Software and Its Effects

ByLynn Sutton

chapter |13 pages

Internet Genres

ByKevin Crowston

chapter |10 pages

Internet Search Tools: History to 2000

ByDale J. Vidmar, Connie J. Anderson-Cahoon

chapter |7 pages

InterPARES

ByLuciana Duranti

chapter |5 pages

Intranets

ByKathleen Swantek

chapter |6 pages

iSchools

ByRonald L. Larsen

chapter |18 pages

Israel: Libraries, Archives and Museums

BySnunith Shoham, Silvia Schenkolewski-Kroll

chapter |18 pages

Japan: Libraries, Archives and Museums

ByMasaya Takayama, Yoriko Miyabe, Toru Koizumi, Hiroyuki Hatano

chapter |7 pages

JSTOR

ByKevin M. Guthrie

chapter |14 pages

Kazakhstan: Libraries, Archives and Museums

ByLeslie Champeny, Joseph Luke, Anna Bergaliyeva, Olga Zaitseva

chapter |18 pages

Kenya: Libraries, Museums and Archives

ByIrene Muthoni Kibandi, Pancras Kimaru, Caroline Kayoro, Philomena Kagwiria Mwirigi, Sophie Ndegwa, Nelson Otieno Karilus, Charles Nzivo, Linda Mboya, Lilian Gisesa

chapter |8 pages

Knowledge

ByPaul K. Moser, Arnold vander Nat

chapter |8 pages

Knowledge Creation and Use in Organizations

ByMaija-Leena Huotari

chapter |14 pages

Knowledge Discovery in Data Streams

ByXuan Hong Dang, Kok-Leong Ong

chapter |10 pages

Knowledge Management

ByKimiz Dalkir

chapter |8 pages

Knowledge Management Models

ByKimiz Dalkir

chapter |8 pages

Knowledge Management Systems

ByDick Stenmark

chapter |9 pages

Knowledge Management: Early Development

ByMichael Koenig, Ken Neveroski

chapter |12 pages

Knowledge Organization System Standards

ByStella G. Dextre Clarke

chapter |8 pages

Knowledge Sharing Mechanisms

ByKah Hin Chai

chapter |11 pages

Knowledge: Tacit and Explicit

ByPhilippe Baumard

chapter |10 pages

Latent Semantic Indexing

ByDian I. Martin, Michael W. Berry

chapter |7 pages

Latinos and U.S. Libraries: History

ByRomelia Salinas

chapter |23 pages

Law Librarianship

ByRichard A. Danner, Mark E. Estes, Judith Adams Meadows

chapter |17 pages

Law Literature and Its Users

ByPenny A. Hazelton

chapter |11 pages

Learning and Information Seeking

ByLouise Limberg, Mikael Alexandersson

chapter |12 pages

Leisure and Hobby Information and Its Users

ByJenna Hartel

chapter |6 pages

Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender Information Needs

ByPatrick Keilty

chapter |6 pages

Libraries

ByJennifer Weil Arns

chapter |6 pages

Library and Information Science

ByLeigh S. Estabrook

chapter |5 pages

Library and Information Technology Association (LITA)

ByAndrew K. Pace

chapter |6 pages

Library Anxiety

ByDiane Mizrachi

chapter |9 pages

Library Architecture and Design

ByCharlene S. Hurt, Thomas L. Findley

chapter |13 pages

Library Architecture: History

ByNan Christian Ploug Dahlkild

chapter |12 pages

Library Automation: History

ByRobert M. Hayes

chapter |10 pages

Library Consortia in Europe

ByTommaso Giordano

chapter |9 pages

Library Fund-Raising and Development

BySusan K. Martin

chapter |6 pages

Library Leadership and Management Association (LLAMA)

ByRobert Allen Daugherty

chapter |8 pages

Library Management

ByDeanna Marcum

chapter |9 pages

Library of Congress Classification (LCC)

ByLois Mai Chan, Theodora L. Hodges

chapter |14 pages

Library of Congress Subject Headings (LCSH)

ByJames Doig Anderson, José Pérez-Carballo

chapter

Library of Congress Subject Headings (LCSH)

ByJanis L. Young

chapter |12 pages

Library of Congress: 21st Century

ByJohn Y. Cole

chapter |13 pages

Library of Congress: History

ByJohn Y. Cole

chapter |9 pages

Library Portals and Gateways

ByFrank Cervone

chapter

Library Publishing Initiatives: North America

ByKatherine Skinner, Sarah Lippincott

chapter |9 pages

Library Science in the United States: Early History

ByJohn V. Richardson

chapter |11 pages

Library Standards in Higher Education

ByWilliam Neal Nelson

chapter |8 pages

Library Technical Services

ByDoris Helfer, Helen Heinrich

chapter |11 pages

Linguistics and the Information Sciences

ByJohn C. Paolillo

chapter

Linked Data

ByJeremy Myntti

chapter |13 pages

Literacy

ByH. S. Bhola

chapter |15 pages

Lithuania: Libraries and Librarianship

ByElena Macevičiūtė

chapter |5 pages

Louvre

ByBette W. Oliver

chapter |18 pages

Machine Readable Cataloging (MARC): 1961–1974 [ELIS Classic]

ByHenriette D. Avram

chapter |10 pages

Machine Readable Cataloging (MARC): 1975–2007

BySally H. McCallum

chapter |7 pages

Management of Very Large Distributed Shared Collections

ByReagan W. Moore

chapter |6 pages

Managing an Information Business

ByGloria Dinerman

chapter |8 pages

Marketing Library and Information Services

ByDinesh K. Gupta, Réjean Savard

chapter |10 pages

Markup Languages

ByAiri Salminen

chapter |14 pages

Mathematics Literature: History [ELIS Classic]

ByBarbara Schaefer

chapter |8 pages

Medical Library Association (MLA)

ByCarla J. Funk

chapter |17 pages

Medical Literature: History [ELIS Classic]

ByWilliam K. Beatty

chapter |14 pages

Metadata and Digital Information

ByJane Greenberg

chapter |23 pages

Mexico: Libraries, Archives and Museums

ByJesús Lau

chapter |12 pages

Modeling Documents in Their Context

ByAiri Salminen

chapter |12 pages

Moldova: Archives, Museums and Libraries

ByHermina G.B. Anghelescu, Silviu Andrieş-Tabac, Elena Ploşniţă

chapter |11 pages

Moving Image Indexing

ByJames M. Turner

chapter |6 pages

Multilingual Information Access

ByDouglas W. Oard

chapter |1 pages

Museum Accreditation Program

ByLeah Arroyo, Julie Hart

chapter |13 pages

Museum Architecture and Gallery Design

ByVolker M. Welter

chapter |9 pages

Museum Collecting and Collections

ByRobert B. Pickering

chapter |6 pages

Museum Computer Network (MCN)

ByMarla Misunas, Richard Urban

chapter |9 pages

Museum Informatics

ByPaul F. Marty

chapter |13 pages

Museum Management

ByGary Edson

chapter |15 pages

Museum Registration and Documentation

ByDixie Neilson

chapter |8 pages

Museum Studies

ByMarjorie Schwarzer

chapter |11 pages

Museum Web Sites and Digital Collections

ByDavid Bearman, Jennifer Trant

chapter |9 pages

Museums

ByLeslie Madsen-Brooks

chapter |8 pages

Museums and Community

ByTamara Biggs

chapter |7 pages

Museums and Their Visitors: Historic Relationship

BySamuel J. Redman

chapter |9 pages

Museums as Place

ByPeter Davis, Han-Yin Huang

chapter |8 pages

Music Information Retrieval

ByKjell Lemström, George Tzanetakis

chapter |13 pages

Music Librarianship

ByHolly Gardinier, Sarah R. Canino, Carl Rahkonen

chapter |8 pages

National Archives

ByHelen Forde

chapter |10 pages

National Biological Information Infrastructure (NBII)

ByP. Bryan Heidorn, Annette Olson

chapter |5 pages

National Historical Publications and Records Commission (NHPRC)

ByKeith Donohue

chapter |14 pages

National Libraries

ByIan McGowan

chapter

National Library of Medicine

ByKathel Dunn

chapter |10 pages

Natural Language Processing for Information Retrieval

ByElizabeth D. Liddy

chapter |27 pages

Netherlands: Archives, Libraries and Museums

ByEric Ketelaar, Frank Huysmans, Peter van Mensch

chapter |9 pages

Network Management

ByRobert J. Sandusky

chapter |1 pages

Network of European Museum Organisations (NEMO)

ByFrank Birkebæk

chapter |5 pages

Networked Knowledge Organization Systems/Services (NKOS)

ByMarianne Lykke

chapter

New Zealand Aotearoa: Libraries

ByHeather M. Lamond

chapter |8 pages

Non-Governmental Organizations and Information

ByLynne M. Rudasill, Steve W. Witt

chapter |14 pages

OCLC: A Worldwide Library Cooperative

ByJay Jordan

chapter |6 pages

Older Adults’ Information Needs and Behavior

ByKirsty Williamson, Terryl Asla

chapter |9 pages

One-Person Libraries

ByJudith A. Siess

chapter |10 pages

Online Catalog Subject Searching

ByDanny C.C. Poo, Christopher S.G. Khoo

chapter |11 pages

Online Database and Information Retrieval Services Industry

ByTrudi Bellardo Hahn

chapter |18 pages

Online Library Instruction

ByBeth Evans

chapter |5 pages

Online Public Access Catalogs (OPACs)

ByKevin Butterfield

chapter |11 pages

Ontologies and Their Definition

ByJos de Bruijn, Dieter Fensel

chapter |12 pages

Open Access Scholarship and Publishing

ByMalcolm Getz

chapter |11 pages

Open Archival Information System (OAIS) Reference Model

ByChristopher A. Lee

chapter |6 pages

Open Source Software

ByMichael Tiemann

chapter |8 pages

Optical Character Recognition (OCR)

ByMatthew C. Mariner

chapter |11 pages

Oral History in Libraries and Archives

ByDebra Gold Hansen

chapter |7 pages

Orality

ByDaniel Frederick Melia

chapter

ORCID

ByLaurel L. Haak

chapter |10 pages

Organization Theories

ByEvelyn Daniel

chapter |6 pages

Organizational Culture

ByGunilla Widén-Wulff

chapter |9 pages

Organizational Learning

ByErica Wiseman

chapter |7 pages

Organizational Memory

ByMaureen L. Hammer, Katherine S. Clark

chapter |11 pages

Pacific Islands Association of Libraries and Archives (PIALA)

ByArlene Cohen

chapter |8 pages

Papyrology

ByRoger S. Bagnall

chapter |13 pages

Patents and Patent Searching

ByMichael J. White

chapter |10 pages

Personal Bibliographic Systems (PBS)

ByDirk Schoonbaert, Victor Rosenberg

chapter |11 pages

Personal Information Management (PIM)

ByWilliam Jones

chapter |5 pages

Peru: Libraries and Library Science

BySergio Chaparro-Univazo

chapter |13 pages

Philosophy and the Information Sciences

ByJonathan Furner

chapter |14 pages

Philosophy of Science [ELIS Classic]

ByPaul Evan Peters

chapter |12 pages

Physical Sciences and Mathematics Literatures and Their Users

ByCecelia Brown

chapter |14 pages

Piracy in Digital Media

ByStephanie Walker

chapter |10 pages

Plagiarism of Print and Electronic Resources

ByZorana Ercegovac

chapter |14 pages

Poland: Libraries and Archives

ByJadwiga Woźniak-Kasperek

chapter |12 pages

Politics of Representation in Museums

ByLouise Tythacott

chapter |9 pages

Popular Literature Genres

ByBarry Trott

chapter |21 pages

PRECIS [ELIS Classic]

ByDerek Austin

chapter |6 pages

Precision and Recall [ELIS Classic]

ByF. W. Lancaster

chapter |5 pages

Presidential Libraries

BySharon Fawcett

chapter |14 pages

Primary Records: Future Prospects [ELIS Classic]

ByG. Thomas Tanselle

chapter |8 pages

Private Presses and Fine Printing [ELIS Classic]

ByRoderick Cave

chapter |10 pages

Productivity Impacts of Libraries and Information Services

ByMichael Koenig, Laura Manzari

chapter |9 pages

Provenance of Archival Materials

ByShelley Sweeney

chapter |9 pages

Provenance of Museum Objects

ByLayna White

chapter |7 pages

Provenance of Rare Books

ByMarcia Reed

chapter |7 pages

Public Librarianship

ByKathleen de la Peña McCook, Katharine J. Phenix

chapter |20 pages

Public Libraries

ByBarbara H. Clubb

chapter |5 pages

Public Library Association (PLA)

ByLouisa Worthington, Kathleen Hughes

chapter |8 pages

Publishing Studies

ByRobert E. Baensch

chapter |10 pages

Rare Book Collections

ByAndrew J. Berner

chapter |10 pages

Reading and Reading Acquisition

ByBrian Byrne

chapter |9 pages

Reading Disorders

ByH. L. Swanson, Olga Jerman

chapter |10 pages

Reading Interests

ByCatherine Sheldrick Ross

chapter |9 pages

Recommender Systems and Expert Locators

ByDerek L. Hansen, Tapan Khopkar, Jun Zhang

chapter |5 pages

Records Compliance and Risk Management

ByBradley J. Wiles

chapter |13 pages

Records Continuum Model

BySue McKemmish, Franklyn Herbert Upward, Barbara Reed

chapter |5 pages

Records Organization and Access

BySue Myburgh

chapter |5 pages

Records Retention Schedules

ByBarbara E. Nye

chapter |11 pages

Reference and Informational Genres

ByThomas Mann

chapter |4 pages

Reference and User Services Association (RUSA)

ByBarbara A. Macikas

chapter |7 pages

Reference Services

ByLinda C. Smith

chapter |6 pages

Regional Library Networks: United States

ByCatherine C. Wilt

chapter |14 pages

Relevance in Theory

ByHoward D. White

chapter |8 pages

Relevance Judgments and Measurements

ByErica Cosijn

chapter |13 pages

Renaissance Libraries [ELIS Classic]

ByLawrence S. Thompson

chapter |6 pages

Reprography in Libraries

ByJulia M. Bauder

chapter |9 pages

Resource Description Framework (RDF)

ByNicholas Gibbins, Nigel Shadbolt

chapter |9 pages

Rhetoric

ByMalea Powell, Stacey Pigg, Kendall Leon, Angela Haas

chapter |12 pages

Saudi Arabia: Libraries, Archives and Museums

ByAyman Shabana

chapter |9 pages

Scholarly and Trade Publishing [ELIS Classic]

ByRichard Abel

chapter |8 pages

School Librarianship

ByBlanche Woolls

chapter |7 pages

School Libraries

ByBlanche Woolls

chapter |11 pages

Science and Engineering Librarianship

ByMargaret Mellinger

chapter |9 pages

Science and Technology Studies

BySanna Talja

chapter |17 pages

Search Engine Optimization

ByNicholas Carroll

chapter |8 pages

Search Engines

ByRandolph Hock

chapter |7 pages

Self-Publishing on the Internet

ByCaryn S. Wesner-Early

chapter |18 pages

Semantic Interoperability

ByMarcia Lei Zeng, Lois Mai Chan

chapter |14 pages

Semantic Web

ByKieron O’Hara, Wendy Hall

chapter |10 pages

Semiotics

ByMarcel Danesi

chapter |9 pages

Senegal: Libraries, Archives and Museums

ByBernard Dione, Dieyi Diouf

chapter |12 pages

Sense-Making

ByBrenda Dervin, Charles M. Naumer

chapter |14 pages

Serbia: Libraries, Archives and Museums

ByStaša Milojević

chapter |11 pages

Serials Collection and Management

BySarah Sutton

chapter |8 pages

Serials Vendors

ByKaralyn Kavanaugh

chapter |6 pages

Shared Libraries

ByRuth E. Kifer, Jane E. Light

chapter |9 pages

Site Museums and Monuments

ByDestinee Kae Swanson

chapter |14 pages

Slovakia: Libraries, Archives and Museums

ByJela Steinerová, Juraj Roháč, Gabriela Podušelová

chapter |21 pages

SMART System: 1961–1976 [ELIS Classic]

ByGerard Salton

chapter |8 pages

Smithsonian Institution

ByPamela M. Henson

chapter |7 pages

Social Epistemology

BySteve Fuller

chapter |8 pages

Social Influences on Classification

ByHope A. Olson

chapter |6 pages

Social Informatics

ByHoward Rosenbaum

chapter |17 pages

Social Justice in Library and Information Science

ByBharat Mehra, Kevin S. Rioux, Kendra S. Albright

chapter |11 pages

Social Networks and Information Transfer

ByCaroline Haythornthwaite

chapter |9 pages

Social Science Literatures and Their Users

ByDavid Ellis

chapter |7 pages

Social Science Professional Literatures and Their Users

ByLynn Westbrook

chapter |6 pages

Society for Scholarly Publishing (SSP)

ByJudy C. Holoviak, October R. Ivins, Lois Smith

chapter |8 pages

Society of American Archivists (SAA)

ByTimothy L. Ericson, Steven L. Hensen

chapter |7 pages

Sociology of Reading

ByMartine Poulain

chapter |11 pages

Sociology of the Information Disciplines

ByMichael F. Winter

chapter |2 pages

Software and Information Industry Association (SIIA)

BySilje C. Lier

chapter |12 pages

Software Reliability Management

ByYashwant K. Malaiya

chapter |8 pages

Sound and Audio Archives

ByMark Roosa

chapter |7 pages

South Korea: Archives and Libraries

ByHyun-Yang Cho, Eun Bong Park, Soyeon Park, Jae-Hwang Choi, Seong Hee Kim, Jong-Yup Han

chapter |20 pages

Spain: Libraries, Archives and Museums

ByLawrence J. Olszewski

chapter |8 pages

Special Collections and Manuscripts

ByLynne M. Thomas

chapter |10 pages

Special Librarianship

BySusan S. DiMattia

chapter |9 pages

Special Libraries

ByDavid Shumaker

chapter |9 pages

Special Libraries Association (SLA)

ByGuy St. Clair, Andrew J. Berner, Rebecca Vargha

chapter |5 pages

Specialty Museums

ByTrevor Jones

chapter |8 pages

State Archives

ByDavid B. Gracy, Adam D. Knowles

chapter |8 pages

State Libraries and State Library Agencies

ByBarratt Wilkins

chapter |7 pages

State-Sponsored Destruction of Books and Libraries

ByRebecca Knuth

chapter |10 pages

Still Image Indexing

ByCorinne Jörgensen

chapter |20 pages

Still Image Search and Retrieval

ByVittorio Castelli

chapter |5 pages

Storytelling

ByBrian Sturm

chapter |12 pages

Strategic Planning in Academic Libraries

BySheila Corrall

chapter |6 pages

Students’ Information Needs and Behavior

ByHeidi Julien

chapter |12 pages

Subject Cataloging Principles and Systems

ByTheodora L. Hodges, Lois Mai Chan

chapter |9 pages

Subscription Libraries [ELIS Classic]

ByDavid E. Gerard

chapter |10 pages