This book describes the continuing development of inexpensive, portable flow cytometers through incorporation of microfluidic technologies and small optical components. The underlying microfluidic theories essential for microflow cytometry isdiscussed in detail, as well as advances that are representative of the current state-of-the-art. Design and fabrication strategies for these innovative component technologies will be subsequently presented by numerous research groups leading the field. Integration of the components into functional prototype devices for analysis and manipulation of particles and cells are reviewed. Multiple currently available commercial systems are examined to highlight both strengths and areas for improvement.