ABSTRACT

Physical Modelling in Geotechnics collects more than 1500 pages of peer-reviewed papers written by researchers from over 30 countries, and presented at the 9th International Conference on Physical Modelling in Geotechnics 2018 (City, University of London, UK 17-20 July 2018). The ICPMG series has grown such that two volumes of proceedings were required to publish all contributions. The books represent a substantial body of work in four years. Physical Modelling in Geotechnics contains 230 papers, including eight keynote and themed lectures representing the state-of-the-art in physical modelling research in aspects as diverse as fundamental modelling including sensors, imaging, modelling techniques and scaling, onshore and offshore foundations, dams and embankments, retaining walls and deep excavations, ground improvement and environmental engineering, tunnels and geohazards including significant contributions in the area of seismic engineering. ISSMGE TC104 have identified areas for special attention including education in physical modelling and the promotion of physical modelling to industry. With this in mind there is a special themed paper on education, focusing on both undergraduate and postgraduate teaching as well as practicing geotechnical engineers.

Physical modelling has entered a new era with the advent of exciting work on real time interfaces between physical and numerical modelling and the growth of facilities and expertise that enable development of so called ‘megafuges’ of 1000gtonne capacity or more; capable of modelling the largest and most complex of geotechnical challenges. Physical Modelling in Geotechnics will be of interest to professionals, engineers and academics interested or involved in geotechnics, geotechnical engineering and related areas.

The 9th International Conference on Physical Modelling in Geotechnics was organised by the Multi Scale Geotechnical Engineering Research Centre at City, University of London under the auspices of Technical Committee 104 of the International Society for Soil Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering (ISSMGE). City, University of London, are pleased to host the prestigious international conference for the first time having initiated and hosted the first regional conference, Eurofuge, ten years ago in 2008. Quadrennial regional conferences in both Europe and Asia are now well established events giving doctoral researchers, in particular, the opportunity to attend an international conference in this rapidly evolving specialist area.

This is volume 2 of a 2-volume set.

part 12|43 pages

Tunnel, shafts and pipelines

chapter |6 pages

Uplift resistance of a buried pipeline in silty soil on slopes

ByG.N. Eichhorn, S.K. Haigh

chapter |6 pages

Modelling the excavation of elliptical shafts in the geotechnical centrifuge

ByN.E. Faustin, M.Z.E.B. Elshafie, R.J. Mair

chapter |5 pages

Shaking table test to evaluate the effects of earthquake on internal force of Tabriz subway tunnel (Line 2)

ByM. Hajialilue-Bonab, M. Farrin, M. Movasat

chapter |6 pages

Effect of pipe defect size and maximum particle size of bedding material on associated internal erosion

ByS. Indiketiya, P. Jegatheesan, R. Pathmanathan, R. Kuwano

chapter |6 pages

Modelling cave mining in the geotechnical centrifuge

ByS.W. Jacobsz, E.P. Kearsley, D. Cumming-Potvin, J. Wesseloo

part 13|50 pages

Imaging

chapter |6 pages

Flow visualisation in a geotechnical centrifuge under controlled seepage conditions

ByC.T.S. Beckett, A.B. Fourie

chapter |6 pages

A new procedure for tracking displacements of submerged sloping ground in centrifuge testing

ByT. Carey, N. Stone, B. Kutter, M. Hajialilue-Bonab

chapter |6 pages

Imaging of sand-pile interface submitted to a high number of loading cycles

ByJ. Doreau-Malioche, G. Combe, J.B. Toni, G. Viggiani, M. Silva

chapter |6 pages

Image capture and motion tracking applications in geotechnical centrifuge modelling

ByP. Kokkali, T. Abdoun, A. Tessari

chapter |5 pages

A study on performance of three-dimensional imaging system for physical models

ByB.T. Le, S. Nadimi, R.J. Goodey, R.N. Taylor

chapter |6 pages

Visualisation of inter-granular pore fluid flow

ByL. Li, M. Iskander, M. Omidvar

chapter |6 pages

A two-dimensional laser-scanner system for geotechnical processes monitoring

ByM.D. Valencia-Galindo, L.N. Beltrán-Rodriguez, J.A. Sánchez-Peralta, J.S. Tituaña-Puente, M.G. Trujillo-Vela, J.M. Larrahondo, L.F. Prada-Sarmiento, A.M. Ramos-Cañón

part 14|63 pages

Seismic – dyna

chapter |6 pages

Dynamic behaviour of model pile in saturated sloping ground during shaking table tests

ByC.H. Chen, T.S. Ueng, C.H. Chen

chapter |6 pages

Investigation on the aseismic performance of pile foundations in volcanic ash ground

ByT. Egawa, T. Yamanashi, K. Isobe

chapter |6 pages

Centrifuge modelling of active seismic fault interaction with oil well casings

ByJ. Le Cossec, K.J.L. Stone, C. Ryan, K. Dimitriadis

chapter |6 pages

Centrifuge shaking table tests on composite caisson-piles foundation

ByF. Liang, Y. Jia, H. Zhang, H. Chen, M. Huang

chapter |7 pages

Dynamic centrifuge model tests on sliding base isolation systems leveraging buoyancy

ByN. Nigorikawa, Y. Asaka, M. Hasebe

chapter |5 pages

Centrifugal model tests on static and seismic stability of landfills with high water level

ByB. Zhu, J.C. Li, L.J. Wang, Y.M. Chen

part 15|87 pages

Seismic – liquefaction

chapter |6 pages

Partial drainage during earthquake-induced liquefaction

ByO. Adamidis, G.S.P. Madabhushi

chapter |5 pages

Experimental simulation of the effect of preshaking on liquefaction of sandy soils

ByW. El-Sekelly, T. Abdoun, R. Dobry, S. Thevanayagam

chapter |6 pages

Dynamic centrifuge testing to assess liquefaction potential

ByG. Fasano, E. Bilotta, A. Flora, V. Fioravante, D. Giretti, C.G. Lai, A.G. Özcebe

chapter |7 pages

The importance of vertical accelerations in liquefied soils

ByF.E. Hughes, S.P.G. Madabhushi

chapter |6 pages

The effects of waveform of input motions on soil liquefaction by centrifuge modelling

ByW.Y. Hung, T.W. Liao, L.M. Hu, J.X. Huang

chapter |6 pages

Horizontal subgrade reaction of piles in liquefiable ground

ByS. Imamura

chapter |6 pages

Experimental investigation of pore pressure and acceleration development in static liquefaction induced failures in submerged slopes

ByA. Maghsoudloo, A. Askarinejad, R.R. de Jager, F. Molenkamp, M.A. Hicks

chapter |6 pages

Centrifuge modelling of earthquake-induced liquefaction on footings built on improved ground

ByA.S.P.S. Marques, P.A.L.F. Coelho, S.K. Haigh, G.S.P. Madabhushi

chapter |6 pages

Centrifuge modelling of mitigation-soil-structure-interaction on layered liquefiable soil deposits with a silt cap

ByB. Paramasivam, S. Dashti, A.B. Liel, J.C. Olarte

chapter |5 pages

Liquefaction behaviour focusing on pore water inflow into unsaturated surface layer

ByY. Takada, K. Ueda, S. Iai, T. Mikami

part 16|50 pages

Dams and embankments

chapter |6 pages

Performance of single piles in riverbank clay slopes subject to repetitive tidal cycles

ByU. Ahmed, D.E.L. Ong, C.F. Leung

chapter |6 pages

Load transfer mechanism of reinforced piled embankments

ByM.S.S. Almeida, D.F. Fagundes, M.C.F. Almeida, D.A. Hartmann, R. Girout, L. Thorel, M. Blanc

chapter |6 pages

Experiments for a coarse sand barrier as a measure against backwards erosion piping

ByA. Bezuijen, E. Rosenbrand, V.M. van Beek, K. Vandenboer

chapter |6 pages

Load transfer mechanism of piled embankments: Centrifuge tests versus analytical models

ByM. Blanc, L. Thorel, R. Girout, M.S.S. Almeida, D.F. Fagundes

chapter |6 pages

Physical model testing to evaluate erosion quantity and pattern

ByM. Kamalzare, T.F. Zimmie

chapter |6 pages

Physical modelling of large dams for seismic performance evaluation

ByN.R. Kim, S.B. Jo

chapter |6 pages

Centrifuge model tests on levees subjected to flooding

ByR.K. Saran, B.V.S. Viswanadham

chapter |6 pages

Centrifuge model test of vacuum consolidation on soft clay combined with embankment loading

ByS. Shiraga, G. Hasegawa, Y. Sawamura, M. Kimura

part 17|38 pages

Geohazards

chapter |6 pages

Effects of viscosity in granular flows simulated in a centrifugal acceleration field

ByMiguel Cabrera, Patrick Kailey, Elisabeth T. Bowman, Wei Wu

chapter |6 pages

Using pipe deflection to detect sinkhole development

ByE.P. Kearsley, S.W. Jacobsz, H. Louw

chapter |6 pages

Model tests to simulate formation and expansion of subsurface cavities

ByR. Kuwano, R. Sera, Y. Ohara

chapter |6 pages

Centrifuge modelling of a pipeline subjected to soil mass movements

ByJ.R.M.S. Oliveira, K.I. Rammah, P.C. Trejo, M.S.S. Almeida, M.C.F. Almeida

chapter |6 pages

Effects of earthquake motion on subsurface cavities

ByR. Sera, M. Ota, R. Kuwano

chapter |6 pages

Preliminary study of debris flow impact force on a circular pillar

ByA.L. Yifru, R.N. Pradhan, S. Nordal, V. Thakur

part 18|44 pages

Geohazards

chapter |6 pages

Centrifuge modelling of earth slopes subjected to change in water content

ByP. Aggarwal, R. Singla, A. Juneja

chapter |6 pages

Centrifuge and numerical modelling of static liquefaction of fine sandy slopes

ByA. Askarinejad, W. Zhang, M. de Boorder, J. van der Zon

chapter |6 pages

Modelling of MSW landfill slope failure

ByY.J. Hou, X.D. Zhang, J.H. Liang, C.H. Jia, R. Peng, C. Wang

chapter |6 pages

Effects of plant removal on slope hydrology and stability

ByV. Kamchoom, A.K. Leung

chapter |6 pages

Centrifuge model studies of the soil slope under freezing and thawing processes

ByC. Zhang, Z.Y. Cai, Y.H. Huang, G.M. Xu

chapter |6 pages

An experimental and numerical study of pipe behaviour in triggered sandy slope failures

ByW. Zhang, Z. Gng, A. Askarinejad

part 19|128 pages

Ground improvement

chapter |6 pages

Investigation of nailed slope behaviour during excavation by Ng centrifuge physical model tests

ByA. Akoochakian, M. Moradi, A. Kavand

chapter |6 pages

Observed deformations in geosynthetic-reinforced granular soils subjected to voids

ByT.S. da Silva, M.Z.E.B. Elshafie

chapter |6 pages

Earthquake-induced liquefaction mitigation under existing buildings using drains

ByS. García-Torres, G.S.P. Madabhushi

chapter |6 pages

Deformation behaviour research of an artificial island by centrifuge modelling test

ByX.W. Gu, Z.Y. Cai, G.M. Xu, G.F. Ren

chapter |5 pages

Influence of tamper shape on dynamic compaction of granular soil

ByS. Kundu, B.V.S. Viswanadham

chapter |6 pages

Behaviour of geogrid reinforced soil walls with marginal backfills with and without chimney drain in a geotechnical centrifuge

ByJ. Mamaghanian, H.R. Razeghi, B.V.S. Viswanadham, C.H.S.G. Viswanadham

chapter |5 pages

Deep vibration compaction of sand using mini vibrator

ByS. Nagula, P. Mayanja, J. Grabe

chapter |6 pages

Dynamic centrifuge tests on nailed slope with facing plates

ByS. Nakamoto, N. Iwasa, J. Takemura

chapter |6 pages

Performance of soil-nailed wall with three-dimensional geometry: Centrifuge study

ByM. Sabermahani, M. Moradi, A. Pooresmaeili

chapter |6 pages

Behaviour of geogrid-reinforced aggregate layer overlaying poorly graded sand under cyclic loading

ByA.A. Soe, J. Kuwano, I. Akram, T. Kogure, H. Kanai

chapter |5 pages

Physical modelling of compaction grouting injection using a transparent soil

ByD. Takano, Y. Morikawa, Y. Miyata, H. Nonoyama, R.J. Bathurst

chapter |6 pages

Centrifuge modelling of remediation of liquefaction-induced pipeline uplift using model root systems

ByK. Wang, A.J. Brennan, J.A. Knappett, S. Robinson, A.G. Bengough

chapter |6 pages

Physical modelling and monitoring of the subgrade on weak foundation and its reinforcing with geosynthetics

ByA.A. Zaytsev, Y.K. Frolovsky, A.V. Gorlov, A.V. Petryaev, V.V. Ganchits

part 20|43 pages

Shallow foundations

chapter |6 pages

Effect of spatial variability on the behaviour of shallow foundations: Centrifuge study

ByL.X. Garzón, B. Caicedo, M. Sánchez-Silva, K.K. Phoon

chapter |6 pages

1g model tests of surface and embedded footings on unsaturated compacted sand

ByA.J. Lutenegger, M.T. Adams

chapter |6 pages

Determining shallow foundation stiffness in sand from centrifuge modelling

ByA. Pearson, P. Shepley

chapter |6 pages

The effect of soil stiffness on the undrained bearing capacity of a footing on a layered clay deposit

ByA. Salehi, Y. Hu, B.M. Lehane, V. Zania, S.L. Sovso

chapter |5 pages

Bearing capacity of surface and embedded foundations on a slope: Centrifuge modelling

ByD. Taeseri, L. Sakellariadis, R. Schindler, I. Anastasopoulos

part 21|92 pages

Deep foundations

chapter |6 pages

Performance of piled raft with unequal pile lengths

ByR.S. Bisht, A. Juneja, A. Tyagi, F.H. Lee

chapter |6 pages

Effect of the installation methods of piles in cohesionless soil on their axial capacity

ByI. El Haffar, M. Blanc, L. Thorel

chapter |6 pages

Model testing of rotary jacked open ended tubular piles in saturated non-cohesive soil

ByD. Frick, K.A. Schmoor, P. Gütz, M. Achmus

chapter |6 pages

Model tests on soil displacement effects for differently shaped piles

ByA.A. Ganiyu, A.S.A. Rashid, M.H. Osman, W.O. Ajagbe

chapter |6 pages

Comparison of seismic behaviour of pile foundations in two different soft clay profiles

ByThejesh Kumar Garala, Gopal S.P. Madabhushi

chapter |6 pages

Issues with centrifuge modelling of energy piles in soft clays

ByI. Ghaaowd, J. McCartney, X. Huang, F. Saboya, S. Tibana

chapter |6 pages

Rigid pile improvement under rigid slab or footing under cyclic loading

ByO. Jenck, F. Emeriault, C. Dos Santos Mendes, O. Yaba, J.B. Toni, G. Vian, M. Houda

chapter |5 pages

Pull-out testing of steel reinforced earth systems: Modelling in view of soil dilation and boundary effects

ByM. Loli, I. Georgiou, A. Tsatsis, R. Kourkoulis, F. Gelagoti

chapter |6 pages

Pile jetting in plane strain: Small-scale modelling of monopiles

ByS. Norris, P. Shepley

chapter |6 pages

Influence of geometry on the bearing capacity of sheet piled foundations

ByJ.P. Panchal, A.M. McNamara, R.J. Goodey

chapter |6 pages

Kinematic interaction of piles under seismic loading

ByJ. Pérez-Herreros, F. Cuira, S. Escoffier, P. Kotronis

chapter |5 pages

Behaviour of piled raft foundation systems in soft soil with consolidation process

ByE. Rodríguez, R.P. Cunha, B. Caicedo

chapter |6 pages

Displacement measurements of ground and piles in sand subjected to reverse faulting

ByC.F. Yao, S. Seki, J. Takemura

part 22|62 pages

Walls and excavations

chapter |6 pages

Centrifuge simulation of heave behaviour of deep basement slabs in overconsolidated clay

ByD.Y.K. Chan, S.P.G. Madabhushi

chapter |6 pages

Soil movement mobilised with retaining wall rotation in loose sand

ByC. Deng, S.K. Haigh

chapter |6 pages

A new approach to modelling excavations in soft soils

ByJ.P. Panchal, A.M. McNamara, S.E. Stallebrass

chapter |6 pages

1g-modelling of limit load increase due to shear band enhancement

ByK.-F. Seitz, J. Grabe

chapter |6 pages

Concave segmental retaining walls

ByD. Stathas, L. Xu, J.P. Wang, H.I. Ling, L. Li

chapter |6 pages

Dynamic behaviour on pile foundation combined with soil-cement mixing walls using permanent pile

ByK. Watanabe, M. Arakawa, M. Mizumoto

chapter |6 pages

Centrifuge modelling of 200,000 tonnage sheet-pile bulkheads with relief platform

ByG.M. Xu, G.F. Ren, X.W. Gu, Z.Y. Cai