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      Book

      Emerging Syntheses in Science
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      Book

      Emerging Syntheses in Science

      DOI link for Emerging Syntheses in Science

      Emerging Syntheses in Science book

      Proceedings of the Founding Workshops of the Santa Fe Institute Santa Fe, New Mexico

      Emerging Syntheses in Science

      DOI link for Emerging Syntheses in Science

      Emerging Syntheses in Science book

      Proceedings of the Founding Workshops of the Santa Fe Institute Santa Fe, New Mexico
      Edited ByDavid Pines
      Edition 1st Edition
      First Published 1988
      eBook Published 27 September 2019
      Pub. Location Boca Raton
      Imprint CRC Press
      DOI https://doi.org/10.1201/9780429492594
      Pages 252
      eBook ISBN 9780429492594
      Subjects Physical Sciences
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      Pines, D. (Ed.). (1988). Emerging Syntheses in Science: Proceedings of the Founding Workshops of the Santa Fe Institute Santa Fe, New Mexico (1st ed.). CRC Press. https://doi.org/10.1201/9780429492594

      ABSTRACT

      Evolution of self-replicating macromolecules through natural selection is a dynamically ordered process. Two concepts are introduced to describe the physical regularity of macromolecular evolution: sequence space and quasi-species. Natural selection means localization of a mutant distribution in sequence space. This localized distribution, called the quasi-species, is centered around a master sequence (or a degenerate set), that the biologist would call the wild-type. The self-ordering of such a system is an essential consequence of its formation through self-reproduction of its macromolecular consti tuents, a process that in the dynamical equations expresses itself by positive diagonal coefficients called selective values. The theory describes how population numbers of wild type and mutants are related to the distribution of selective values, that is to say, how value topography maps into population topography. For selectively (nearly) neutral mutants appearing in the quasi- species distribution, population numbers are greatly enhanced as compared to those of disadvantageous mutants, even more so in continuous domains of such selectively valuable mutants. As a consequence, mutants far distant from the wild type may occur because they are produced with the help of highly populated, less distant precursors. Since values are cohesively distributed, like mountains on earth, and since their positions are multiply connected in the high-dimensional sequence space, the overpopulation of (nearly) neural mutants provides guidance for the evolutionary process. Localization in sequence space, subject to a threshold in the fidelity of reproduction, is steadily challenged until an optimal state is reached. The model has been designed according to experimentally determined properties of self-replicating molecules. The conclusions reached from the theoretical models can be used to construct machines that provide optimal conditions for the evolution of functional macromolecules.

      TABLE OF CONTENTS

      chapter 1|15 pages

      The Concept of the Institute 1

      ByMurray Gell-Mann

      chapter 2|4 pages

      Spin Glass Hamiltonians: A Bridge Between Biology, Statistical Mechanics and Computer Science

      ByP. W. Anderson

      chapter 3|22 pages

      Macromolecular Evolution: Dynamical Ordering in Sequence Space

      ByManfred Eigen

      chapter 4|10 pages

      Evolutionary Theory of Genotypes and Phenotypes: Towards a Mathematical Synthesis 1

      ByMarcus W. Feldman

      chapter 5|13 pages

      Prospects for a Synthesis in the Human Behavioral Sciences

      ByIrven Devore

      chapter 6|10 pages

      The Emergence of Evolutionary Psychology

      ByJohn Tooby

      chapter 7|7 pages

      War in Evolutionary Perspective

      ByRichard W. Wrangham

      chapter 8|2 pages

      The Relationship of Modern Archeology to Other Disciplines

      ByDouglas Schwartz

      chapter 9|7 pages

      Reconstructing the Past through Chemistry

      ByAnthony Turkevich

      chapter 10|25 pages

      The Conscious and Unconscious Stream of Thought

      ByJerome L. Singer

      chapter 11|2 pages

      Emerging Syntheses in Science: Conscious and Unconscious Processes

      ByMardi J. Horowitz

      chapter 12|9 pages

      Brain Mechanisms Underlying Visual Hallucinations

      ByJ. D. Cowan

      chapter 13|20 pages

      Solitons in Biological Molecules 1

      ByAlwyn C. Scott

      chapter 14|2 pages

      The New Biology and its Human Implications

      ByTheodore T. Puck

      chapter 15|11 pages

      Biomolecules

      ByHans Frauenfelder

      chapter 16|8 pages

      Computing With Attractors: From Self-repairing Computers, to Ultradiffusion, and the Application of Dynamical Systems to Human Behavior

      ByB. A. Huberman

      chapter 17|8 pages

      Fundamental Physics, Mathematics and Astronomy

      ByFrank Wilczek

      chapter 18|8 pages

      Complex Systems Theory 1

      ByStephen Wolfram

      chapter 19|13 pages

      Mathematics and the Sciences

      ByFelix E. Browder

      chapter 20|6 pages

      Applications of Mathematics to Theoretical Computer Science

      ByHarvey Friedman

      chapter 21|4 pages

      Linguistics and Computing

      ByM. P. Schützenberger

      chapter 22|19 pages

      Dissipation, Information, Computational Complexity and the Definition of Organization

      ByCharles H. Bennett

      chapter 23|3 pages

      Plans for the Future

      ByGeorge A. Cowan
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