ABSTRACT

Updating and expanding the scope of topics covered in the previous edition, this Fourth Edition supplies new chapters on topics currently impacting the field including cutaneous metabolism, skin contamination, exposure to protein allergens, in vitro absorption methodology, the percutaneous absorption of chemical mixtures, the penetration of chemica

chapter 1|44 pages

Mathematical Models in Percutaneous Absorption

ByMichael S. Roberts, Yuri G. Anissimov

chapter 2|6 pages

Skin Metabolism During In Vitro Percutaneous Absorption

ByRobert L. Bronaugh, Margaret E. K. Kraeling, Jeffrey J. Yourick

chapter 3|14 pages

Cutaneous Metabolism of Xenobiotics

BySaqib J. Bashir, Howard I. Maibach

chapter 4|20 pages

Occlusion Does Not Uniformly Enhance Penetration In Vivo

ByDaniel Bucks, Howard I. Maibach

chapter 5|10 pages

Regional Variation in Percutaneous Absorption: Principles and Applications to Human Risk Assessment

ByRonald C. Wester, Howard I. Maibach

chapter 6|12 pages

In Vivo Relationship Between Percutaneous Absorption and Transepidermal Water Loss

ByAndre´ Rougier, Claire Lotte, and Howard I. Maibach

chapter 7|16 pages

Skin Contamination and Absorption of Chemicals from Water and Soil

ByRonald C. Wester, Howard I. Maibach

chapter 9|16 pages

Protein Allergens: Skin as a Route of Exposure

ByCamilla K. Pease, David A. Basketter, Ian R. White

chapter 10|10 pages

Percutaneous Absorption of Chemical Mixtures

ByJim E. Riviere

chapter 11|12 pages

Does Desquamation Reduce Permeation?

ByMicaela B. Reddy, Annette L. Bunge

chapter 12|16 pages

Penetration and Distribution in Human Skin Focusing on the Hair Follicle

ByYlva Grams, Joke Bouwstra

chapter 13|20 pages

Evaluation of Stratum Corneum Heterogeneity

ByGerald B. Kasting, Matthew A. Miller, Priya S. Talreja

chapter 14|22 pages

The Skin Reservoir for Topically Applied Solutes

ByMichael S. Roberts, Sheree E. Cross, Yuri G. Anissimov

chapter 15|12 pages

Effects of Occlusion: Percutaneous Absorption

ByHongbo Zhai, Howard I. Maibach

chapter 16|10 pages

Variations of Hair Follicle Size and Distribution in Different Body Sites

ByNina Otberg, Heike Richter, Hans Schaefer, Ulrike Blume-Peytavi, Wolfram Sterry, and Ju¨rgen Lademann

chapter 17|8 pages

Methodology: In Vivo Methods for Percutaneous Absorption Measurements

ByRonald C. Wester, Howard I. Maibach

chapter 18|6 pages

Determination of Percutaneous Absorption by In Vitro Techniques

ByRobert L. Bronaugh, Margaret E. K. Kraeling, Jeffrey J. Yourick

chapter 19|6 pages

The Fate of Cutaneous Levels of Absorbed Compounds

ByRobert L. Bronaugh, Margaret E. K. Kraeling, Jeffrey J. Yourick

chapter 20|14 pages

Dermal Decontamination and Percutaneous Absorption

ByRonald C. Wester, Howard I. Maibach

chapter 21|12 pages

Chemical Partitioning into Powdered Human Stratum Corneum: A Useful In Vitro Model for Studying Interaction of Chemicals and Human Skin

ByXiao-Ying Hui, Ronald C. Wester, Hongbo Zhai, Howard I. Maibach

chapter 22|8 pages

Percutaneous Absorption of Hazardous Chemicals from Fabric into and Through Human Skin

ByRonald C. Wester, Danyi Quan, Rebecca M. Wester, Howard I. Maibach

chapter 23|6 pages

Human Cadaver Skin Viability for In Vitro Percutaneous Absorption: Storage and Detrimental Effects of Heat-Separation and Freezing

ByRonald C. Wester, Julie Christoffel, Tracy Hartway, Nicholas Poblete, Howard I. Maibach, James Forsell

chapter 24|14 pages

Interrelationships in the Dose–Response of Percutaneous Absorption

ByRonald C. Wester, Howard I. Maibach

chapter 26|22 pages

Drug Concentration in the Skin

ByChristian Surber, Fabian P. Schwarb, Eric W. Smith, Howard I. Maibach

chapter 27|16 pages

Stripping Method for Measuring Percutaneous Absorption In Vivo

ByAndre´ Rougier, Didier Dupuis, Claire Lotte, and Howard I. Maibach

chapter 28|12 pages

Tape-Stripping Technique

ByChristian Surber, Fabian P. Schwarb, Eric W. Smith

chapter 29|18 pages

Percutaneous Drug Delivery to the Hair Follicle

ByAndrea C. Lauer

chapter 30|10 pages

In Vivo Percutaneous Absorption in Human Volunteers: Exhaled Breath Analysis

ByKarla D. Thrall, Angela D. Woodstock

chapter 31|10 pages

Relative Contributions of Human Skin Layers to Partitioning of Chemicals with Varying Lipophilicity

ByTatiana E. Gogoleva, John I. Ademola, Ronald C. Wester, Philip S. Magee, Howard I. Maibach

chapter 32|10 pages

Effect of Single vs. Multiple Dosing in Percutaneous Absorption

ByRonald C. Wester, Howard I. Maibach

chapter 33|14 pages

Electrical Enhancement of Transdermal Delivery of Ultradeformable Liposomes

ByEbtessam A. Essa, Michael C. Bonner, Brian W. Barry

chapter 34|8 pages

In Vitro Release from Semisolid Dosage Forms—What Is Its Value?

ByVinod P. Shah

chapter 35|8 pages

Chemical Warfare Agent VX Penetration Through Military Uniform and Human Skin: Risk Assessment and Decontamination

ByRebecca M. Wester, Howard I. Maibach, Ronald C. Wester

chapter 37|12 pages

Assessment of Microneedles for Transdermal Drug Delivery

ByMark R. Prausnitz

chapter 38|12 pages

Human Percutaneous Absorption and Transepidermal Water Loss (TEWL) Correlation

ByRonald C. Wester, Howard I. Maibach

chapter 40|32 pages

Human Risk Assessment of Chemical Warfare Agents from Skin Exposure

ByRonald C. Wester, Hanafi Tanojo, Xiao-Ying Hui, Hongbo Zhai, Howard I. Maibach, Eugene Olajos, Harry Salem

chapter 42|8 pages

Permethrin Bioavailability and Body Burden for a Uniformed Soldier

ByRonald C. Wester, Rebecca M. Wester, Howard I. Maibach

chapter 43|12 pages

The Correlation Between Transepidermal Water Loss and Percutaneous Absorption: An Overview

ByJackie Levin, Howard Maibach

chapter 44|10 pages

Percutaneous Penetration as It Relates to the Safety Evaluation of Cosmetic Ingredients

ByJeffrey J. Yourick, Robert L. Bronaugh

chapter 45|18 pages

Percutaneous Absorption of Hair Dyes

ByJeffrey J. Yourick, Robert L. Bronaugh

chapter 46|12 pages

Hair Dye Penetration in Monkey and Man

ByLeszek J. Wolfram, Howard I. Maibach

chapter 47|8 pages

In Vitro Percutaneous Absorption of Triethanolamine in Human Skin

ByMargaret E. K. Kraeling, Robert L. Bronaugh

chapter 48|12 pages

Nail Penetration—Enhance Topical Delivery of Antifungal Drugs by Chemical Modification of the Human Nail

ByXiao-Ying Hui, Ronald C. Wester, Sherry Barbadillo, Howard I. Maibach

chapter 49|8 pages

Topical Dermatological Vehicles: A Holistic Approach

ByEric W. Smith, Christian Surber, Howard I. Maibach

chapter 50|18 pages

Measurements of Drug Penetration Using Non-invasive Methods: Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy

ByS. Wartewig, Reinhard H. H. Neubert

chapter 51|20 pages

Percutaneous Absorption of Sunscreens

ByKenneth A. Walters, Michael S. Roberts

chapter 52|18 pages

Use of Microemulsions for Topical Drug Delivery

BySandra Heuschkel, Anuj Shukla, Reinhard H. H. Neubert

chapter 53|20 pages

Solid Lipid Nanoparticles (SLN) and Nanostructured Lipid Carriers (NLC) for Dermal Delivery

ByR. H. Mu¨ller, W. Mehnert, and E. B. Souto

chapter 54|20 pages

Transdermal Transport by Phonophoresis

ByLaurent Machet, Alain Boucaud

chapter 55|10 pages

Percutaneous Penetration of Oligonucleotide Drugs

ByMyeong Jun Choi, Hongbo Zhai, Howard I. Maibach

chapter 56|20 pages

Transcutaneous Immunization: Antigen and Adjuvant Delivery to the Skin

ByGregory M. Glenn, Sarah A. Frech, Richard T. Kenney, Larry R. Ellingsworth

chapter 57|12 pages

Topical Vaccination of DNA Antigens: Topical Delivery of DNA Antigens

ByMyeong Jun Choi, Howard I. Maibach

chapter 58|10 pages

Topical Dermatological Vehicles: Engineering the Delivery System

ByC. G. Azzi, J. Zhang, C. H. Purdon, Eric W. Smith, Christian Surber, Howard I. Maibach

chapter 59|12 pages

Effect of Tape Stripping on Percutaneous Penetration and Topical Vaccination

ByMyeong Jun Choi, Hongbo Zhai, Harald Lo¨ffler, Frank Dreher, and Howard I. Maibach

chapter 60|20 pages

Percutaneous Absorption of Arsenic from Environmental Media

ByYvette W. Lowney, Michael V. Ruby, Ronald C. Wester, Rosalind A. Schoof, Stewart E. Holm, Xiao-Ying Hui, Sherry Barbadillo, Howard I. Maibach

chapter 61|8 pages

Clinical Testing of Microneedles for Transdermal Drug Delivery

ByRaja K. Sivamani, Gabriel C. Wu, Boris Stoeber, Dorian Liepmann, Hongbo Zhai, Howard I. Maibach

chapter 62|14 pages

Skin Impedance–Guided High Throughput Screening of Penetration Enhancers: Methods and Applications

ByAmit Jain, Pankaj Karande, Samir Mitragotri