ABSTRACT

The first International Congress on Science and Skiing was held in Austria in January 1996.
The main aim of the conference was to bring together original key research in this area and provid an essential update for those in the field. The lnk between theory and practice was also addressed, making the research more applicable for both researchers and coaches.
This book is divided into five parts, each containing a group of papers that are related by theme or disciplineary approach. They are as follows: Biomechanics of Skiing; Fitness testing and Training in Skiing; Movement Control and Psychology in Skiing; Physiology of Skiing and Sociology of Skiing.
The conclusions drawn from the conference represent an invaluable practical reference for sports scientists, coached, skiers and all those involved in this area.

part One|224 pages

Biomechanics of Skiing

chapter 1|24 pages

Ski-Jumping Take-Off Performance: Determining Factors and Methodological Advances

ByP.V. Komi, M. Virmavirta

chapter 2|9 pages

Load on the Locomotor System During Skiing. A Biomechanical Perspective

ByB.M. Nigg, A.J. van den Bogert, L. Read, C. Reinschmidt

chapter 3|13 pages

Biomechanics of Ski-Jumping—Scientific Jumping Hill Design

ByW. MüLler

chapter 4|12 pages

Joint Power Production in Take-Off Action During Ski-Jumping

ByT. Sasaki, K. Tsunoda, E. Uchida, H. Hoshino, M. Ono

chapter 5|11 pages

Inter- and Intra-Individual Variability of the Ski-Jumper's Take-Off

ByF. Vaverka, M. Janura, M. Elfmark, J. Salinger, M. McPherson

chapter 6|16 pages

Inverse Dynamic Analysis Of Take-Off in Ski-Jumping

ByP. Kaps, H. Schwameder, C. Engstler

chapter 7|9 pages

Effects of 50 KM Racing on Ski Skating Kinematics in the Falun World Championships in 1993

ByJ.T. Viitasalo, K. Norvapalo, J. Laakso, A.P. Leppävuori, A. Salo

chapter 9|9 pages

A Mathematical Method for the Analysis of Trajectories in Giant Slalom

ByV.F. Ferrario, C. Sforza, G. Michielon, S. Dugnani, F. Mauro

chapter 10|15 pages

Simulation Techniques Applied to Skiing Mechanics

ByF. Casolo, V. Lorenzi, A. Vallatta, B. Zappa

chapter 11|10 pages

Turning the Skis Without ‘Mechanisms of Turning'

ByG. Kassat

chapter 12|9 pages

Muscle Activity of the Inside and Outside Leg in Slalom and Giant-Slalom Skiing

ByR.A. Hintermeister, G.W. Lange, D.D. O'Connor, C.J. Dillman, J.R. Steadman

chapter 15|7 pages

Skiing Technique in Swing Turns: Distribution of Stress on the Hip-Joint Articular Surface

ByV. Antolic, A. Iglic, V. Kralj-Iglic, V. Pavlovcic

chapter 17|11 pages

Different Possibilities of Measuring Force Transmission Between Ski and Binding

A comparative test of some newly developed sensor plate models in laboratory
ByB. Van Bergen

chapter 18|8 pages

Ground-Reaction Forces in Alpine Skiing, Crosscountry Skiing and Ski Jumping

Measurement Methods And Declaration Possibilities
ByS. Babiel, U. Hartmann, P. Spitzenpfeil, J. Mester

chapter 20|10 pages

Structural Dynamic Analysis of Alpine Skis During Turns

ByW. Niessen, E. Müller, C. Raschner, H. Schwameder

part Two|104 pages

Fitness Testing and Training in Skiing

chapter 23|10 pages

Types of Muscle Action of Leg and Hip Extensor Muscles in Slalom

ByU. Frick, D. Schmidtbleicher, C. Raschner, E. Müller

chapter 24|13 pages

Predicting Skiing Performance in 14-18 Year Old Competitive Alpine Skiers

ByR.J. Klika, R.M. Malina

chapter 25|12 pages

Validity of Sport-Specific Field Tests for Elite and Developing Alpine Ski Racers

ByR.C. Reid, S.C. Johnson, R.W. Kipp, R.W. Albert, A.T. White

chapter 26|12 pages

Relationship of Anaerobic Performance Tests to Competitive Alpine Skiing Events

ByS. Petelin Von Duvillard, W.J. Knowles

chapter 27|11 pages

Aspects of Technique-Specific Strength Training in Ski-Jumping

ByH. Schwameder, E. Müller, C. Raschner, F. Brunner

part Three|102 pages

Movement Control and Psychology in Skiing

chapter 29|16 pages

Movement Regulation in Alpine Skiing

ByJ. Mester

chapter 30|7 pages

The Technique of Gliding in Alpine Ski Racing—Safety and Performance

ByP. Spitzenpfeil, S. Babiel, M. Rieder, U. Hartmann, J. Mester

chapter 31|16 pages

A Profile of Sensorimotor Balance of Alpine Skiers

ByF. Fetz

chapter 32|11 pages

Psychological Training in Alpine Skiing—Racing

Theoretical Considerations And Competitive Alpine Skiers' Opinions On Psychological Training
ByG. Amesberger

chapter 34|13 pages

Feelings of Movement in Alpine Skiing

ByS. Eggert, K.K. Schock

chapter 35|12 pages

Optimal Emotions in Elite Cross-Country Skiers

ByY.L. Hanin, P. Syrjä

part Four|116 pages

Physiology of Skiing

chapter 38|9 pages

Physiological Indices of Elite Junior-I Alpine Skiers

ByR.S. Axtell, K.F. Rinehardt, J.A. Finn, J.R. Stofan, D.W. Martens, R.W. Kenefick, J. Pier

chapter 39|8 pages

An Incremental Exercise Test Simulating the Muscular Activity of Slalom

ByK. Baum, S. Hoy, D. Leyk, D. Essfeld

chapter 40|17 pages

The Metabolic Load in Alpine Skiing—An Attempt at a Presentation Using Computer-Supported Modelling

ByU. Hartmann, A. Mader, S. Babiel, P. Spitzenpfeil, J. Mester

chapter 41|9 pages

Fitness, Cardiovascular Stress, and Scd-Risk in Downhill Skiing

ByM. Burtscher, W. Nachbauer, E. Kornexl, M.A. Mittleman

chapter 42|15 pages

Elite Skiers after Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction: Early Functional Sport-Specific Rehabilitation in Water

ByA. Wicker, W. Matschi, B. Hohenfellner, M. Müller-Thies, H. Breitfuss

chapter 43|12 pages

Troponin I—A New Marker of Muscle Damage in Alpine Skiing

ByA. Koller, W. Gebert, S. Sorichter, J. Mair, E. Artner, B. Puschendorf, D. Rama, C. Calzolari

chapter 44|9 pages

Physiological Characteristics of Top Young Czech Cross-Country Skiers of Both Sexes

ByV. Bunc, J. Heller, P. Krejci

part Five|72 pages

Sociology of Skiing

chapter 46|9 pages

Skiing in Austria: Trends, Image and Identity

ByO. Weiss

chapter 47|12 pages

Alpine Skiing in Social Change—A Pilot Study

ByW. Schulz, R. Strodl

chapter 48|12 pages

The Social Influences of Ski-Area Development in Japan

ByK. Kano

chapter 49|6 pages

Downhill and Telemark Skiing as Part of Young People's Lifestyle

ByM.K. Sisjord

chapter 50|11 pages

Alpine Winter Sport Resorts: Travel Motives and Dimensions of Service Quality

ByP.M. Kneisl, B. Mäser