ABSTRACT

This Handbook provides the first in-depth analysis of non-violent extremism across different ideologies and geographic centres, a topic overshadowed until now by the political and academic focus on violent and jihadi extremism in the Global North.

Whilst acknowledging the potentiality of non-violent extremism as a precursor to terrorism, this Handbook argues that non-violent extremism ought to be considered a stand-alone area of study. Focusing on Islamist, Buddhist, Hindu, far-right, far-left, environmentalist and feminist manifestations, the Handbook discusses the ideological foundation of their ‘war on ideas’ against the prevailing socio-political and cultural systems in which they operate, and provides an empirical examination of their main claims and perspectives. This is supplemented by a truly global overview of non-violent extremist groups not only in Europe and the United States, but also in Africa, Asia, Oceania and the Middle East. The Handbook thus answers a call to decolonise knowledge that is especially prescient given both the complicity of non-violent extremists with authoritarian states and the dynamic of oppression towards more progressive groups in the Global South.

The Handbook will appeal to those studying extremism, radicalisation and terrorism. It intersects several relevant disciplines, including social movement studies, political science, criminology, Islamic studies and anthropology.

chapter |11 pages

Introduction

Why Do We Need a Handbook on Non-violent Forms of Extremism?

part 1|53 pages

Between Extremisms

chapter 2|17 pages

“Screw Your Optics”

The Ambivalent Role of Violence in Islamist and Far-Right Extremism

chapter 3|15 pages

“Boys who hate girls, who hate boys, who hate girls”

A Quantitative Exploration of the Relationship Between Misogyny, Socio-Political Outlook, and Support for Violence in Europe

part 2|165 pages

‘Old' and ‘New' Religious Extremisms

chapter 4|16 pages

When Ideology Is All that Matters!

Exploring Non-violent Islamism Through Fetullah Gülen and Taqiuddin An-Nabhani

chapter 6|22 pages

Reaction, Restoration, and the Return of Alpha-Islam

Wahhabism from Premodern Ideas to Postmodern Identities

chapter 8|13 pages

The Muslim Brotherhood in the West

Firewall or Conveyor Belt? Insights from the British Debate

chapter 9|16 pages

Nativist Expressions of Non-violent Extremism in Malaysia

The Case of Ikatan Muslimin Malaysia (ISMA: Muslim Solidarity Front of Malaysia) 1

chapter 10|13 pages

Non-violent Salafist Political Engagement

Comparing Egypt's Al-Nour Party with Kuwait's Islamic Salafi Alliance

chapter 12|15 pages

Enraged Buddhism

Violent, Non-violent and “Not-violent” Extremism in Myanmar

chapter 14|11 pages

Current Trends in Buddhist Extremism and Anti-Muslim Ideology

A Study of Sri Lanka

part 3|127 pages

Far-Right Extremism

chapter 15|11 pages

Barriers to Violence Activism on the UK Far Right

The Case of the (Democratic) Football Lads Alliance

chapter 16|12 pages

The Appeal of the New Far Right in the United Kingdom

A Look Inside the New Far-Right Recruitment Pool

chapter 17|15 pages

Weaponising the Alliance for the Unity of Romanians (AUR)

Novelties and Continuums in Romania's Far-Right Political Extremism

chapter 18|15 pages

Far-Right Nationalist Politics in Turkey

Division of the Nationalist Camp Between the MHP and the Good Party

chapter 19|14 pages

The Greek White Power Music Scene

Feeding Extremism with Lyrics

chapter 21|12 pages

Far-Right PEGIDA

Non-violent Protest and the Blurred Lines Between the Radical and Extreme Right

chapter 22|13 pages

Metapolitics and the US FAR RIGHT

On the “Non-violent” Approach to Alt-Right Social Transformation

part 4|136 pages

Post-modern Extremisms?

chapter 24|11 pages

The Case of DiEM25

A Unique Transnational Political Movement in 21st-Century European Politics

chapter 25|16 pages

Left-Wing Radicalism in Australia

The Complexities of the Radical Left's (Non)Violent Struggle Against Fascism

chapter 26|12 pages

Overthrowing the Capitalist Social Order

The Forgotten Extremism of the British Women's Movement

chapter 27|13 pages

Becoming Through Non-violent Resistance

The Rise of Feminist Consciousness in Chile

chapter 28|14 pages

The Degrowth Movement in France

From the Edges to the Centre of the Ecological Debate

chapter 30|15 pages

“Animals and the Earth can't wait – get off your ass and fight!”

Animal Liberation Front Vigilantism in the Era of Climate Crisis

chapter 31|13 pages

The Phoney War?

Radical Environmentalists, Animal Rights Activists and Direct Action

chapter 32|15 pages

“The Great Refusal”

Radical Environmental Resistance Against Contemporary Ecological Breakdown

chapter |9 pages

Conclusion

Key Findings, Lessons Learnt and Future Avenues of Research